[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"learn-glossary-texas-railroad-commission":3,"learn-glossary-related-texas-railroad-commission":317},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"converterLink":295,"createdAt":296,"cta":295,"description":297,"draft":298,"extension":299,"icon":295,"industry":295,"keywords":300,"meridian":295,"meta":308,"navigation":309,"path":310,"relatedPages":311,"section":313,"seo":314,"state":295,"stem":315,"updatedAt":296,"__hash__":316},"learn\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Ftexas-railroad-commission.md","Texas Railroad Commission (RRC)",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":287},"minimark",[9,13,21,40,45,48,82,85,89,96,107,125,128,142,146,153,205,208,212,219,269,272,276,279],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"texas-railroad-commission-rrc",[14,15,16,17,20],"p",{},"The ",[18,19,5],"strong",{}," is the state agency that regulates oil and gas drilling, production, and pipeline operations in Texas. Despite the name — a relic of its 1891 origins regulating railroads — RRC today is primarily an energy regulator. It is the Texas counterpart to oil-and-gas regulatory commissions in PLSS states like the Oklahoma Corporation Commission or the Colorado Energy and Carbon Management Commission.",[14,22,23,24,29,30,34,35,39],{},"RRC filings use ",[25,26,28],"a",{"href":27},"\u002Flearn\u002Ftxss\u002Fhow-txss-works","TXSS"," legal descriptions for every well location, drilling permit, and production filing — referenced by ",[25,31,33],{"href":32},"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Ftexas-survey","survey"," and ",[25,36,38],{"href":37},"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Ftexas-abstract","abstract",", not by township and range.",[41,42,44],"h2",{"id":43},"what-rrc-does","What RRC Does",[14,46,47],{},"RRC's primary functions:",[49,50,51,58,64,70,76],"ul",{},[52,53,54,57],"li",{},[18,55,56],{},"Drilling permits"," — Operators file Form W-1 with RRC before drilling any well",[52,59,60,63],{},[18,61,62],{},"Well headers"," — RRC maintains the official location of every active and historical well in Texas",[52,65,66,69],{},[18,67,68],{},"Production reporting"," — Monthly production filings for every well",[52,71,72,75],{},[18,73,74],{},"Pipeline safety"," — Surface and underground pipeline regulation",[52,77,78,81],{},[18,79,80],{},"Spacing rules"," — Field-by-field rules for well spacing and density",[14,83,84],{},"For TXSS work, the well-header dataset is the most useful — it links every Texas well to a specific survey + abstract.",[41,86,88],{"id":87},"rrc-well-location-format","RRC Well Location Format",[14,90,91,92,95],{},"An RRC well location is specified as ",[18,93,94],{},"footage from survey lines"," within a named survey and abstract:",[97,98,103],"pre",{"className":99,"code":101,"language":102},[100],"language-text","660 FNL, 660 FEL, T.J. Borden Survey, Abs. 89, Upton County, Texas\n","text",[104,105,101],"code",{"__ignoreMap":106},"",[14,108,109,110,113,114,117,118,121,122,124],{},"This reads: 660 feet from the ",[18,111,112],{},"N","orth ",[18,115,116],{},"L","ine, 660 feet from the ",[18,119,120],{},"E","ast ",[18,123,116],{},"ine of the T.J. Borden Survey (abstract 89) in Upton County. The footage call is measured from the boundaries of the survey itself — not from a section line, the way PLSS footage calls work.",[14,126,127],{},"Equivalent abbreviations:",[49,129,130,133,136,139],{},[52,131,132],{},"FNL — From North Line",[52,134,135],{},"FSL — From South Line",[52,137,138],{},"FEL — From East Line",[52,140,141],{},"FWL — From West Line",[41,143,145],{"id":144},"the-four-rrc-regions","The Four RRC Regions",[14,147,148,149,152],{},"RRC divides Texas into four oil-and-gas-producing regions, each tending to use a different ",[25,150,151],{"href":27},"TXSS shape"," for its primary land descriptions:",[154,155,156,169],"table",{},[157,158,159],"thead",{},[160,161,162,166],"tr",{},[163,164,165],"th",{},"Region",[163,167,168],{},"Common Convention",[170,171,172,181,189,197],"tbody",{},[160,173,174,178],{},[175,176,177],"td",{},"West (Permian, Trans-Pecos)",[175,179,180],{},"Block & Section",[160,182,183,186],{},[175,184,185],{},"North (Panhandle, Red River)",[175,187,188],{},"Mixed Block \u002F Abstract",[160,190,191,194],{},[175,192,193],{},"South (Coastal Bend, RGV)",[175,195,196],{},"Survey-name (leagues \u002F labors)",[160,198,199,202],{},[175,200,201],{},"East (Piney Woods)",[175,203,204],{},"Abstract-only",[14,206,207],{},"These regional patterns reflect when and how the land was originally surveyed and granted — railroad blocks in the West, Spanish\u002FMexican grants in the South, small-holding abstracts in the East.",[41,209,211],{"id":210},"rrc-vs-glo","RRC vs. GLO",[14,213,214,218],{},[25,215,217],{"href":216},"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Ftexas-general-land-office","GLO"," and RRC are sometimes confused. They are two different Texas agencies:",[154,220,221,230],{},[157,222,223],{},[160,224,225,227],{},[163,226,217],{},[163,228,229],{},"RRC",[170,231,232,240,248,261],{},[160,233,234,237],{},[175,235,236],{},"Land records and public land management",[175,238,239],{},"Oil and gas regulation",[160,241,242,245],{},[175,243,244],{},"Maintains survey plats, field notes, patents",[175,246,247],{},"Maintains well headers, drilling permits, production data",[160,249,250,253],{},[175,251,252],{},"Manages state mineral leases (state-owned acreage)",[175,254,255,256,260],{},"Regulates ",[257,258,259],"em",{},"private"," mineral development everywhere in Texas",[160,262,263,266],{},[175,264,265],{},"Records date back to the Republic of Texas",[175,267,268],{},"Founded 1891 (railroad era), repurposed for oil and gas in the 20th century",[14,270,271],{},"A typical Texas oil and gas project touches both agencies: GLO records establish the survey boundaries; RRC filings establish the well location and production within those boundaries.",[41,273,275],{"id":274},"working-with-rrc-data","Working with RRC Data",[14,277,278],{},"Township America's Pro+ Texas map overlays surface RRC well headers inside or near any abstract — a visual way to spot the wells associated with a given parcel without leaving the web app.",[14,280,281,282,286],{},"For broader Texas land context, see ",[25,283,285],{"href":284},"\u002Flearn\u002Fstates\u002Ftexas","Texas Legal Land Description Guide",".",{"title":106,"searchDepth":288,"depth":288,"links":289},2,[290,291,292,293,294],{"id":43,"depth":288,"text":44},{"id":87,"depth":288,"text":88},{"id":144,"depth":288,"text":145},{"id":210,"depth":288,"text":211},{"id":274,"depth":288,"text":275},null,"2026-05-22","The Texas Railroad Commission regulates oil and gas in Texas and uses TXSS legal descriptions for all well locations, drilling permits, and production filings — referenced by survey and abstract, not township and range.",false,"md",[301,229,302,303,304,305,306,307],"Texas Railroad Commission","Texas oil and gas regulator","Texas well location","drilling permit","footage call","RRC W-1","Texas RRC region",{},true,"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Ftexas-railroad-commission",[37,32,312,216,27,284],"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Fblock-and-section","glossary",{"title":5,"description":297},"learn\u002Fglossary\u002Ftexas-railroad-commission","O9Fqf0Js_4O2-1eaucrnxhcHqmM4V8Skpr2o_bYaHzs",[318,640,866,1123],{"id":319,"title":320,"body":321,"converterLink":295,"createdAt":618,"cta":295,"description":619,"draft":298,"extension":299,"icon":295,"industry":295,"keywords":620,"meridian":295,"meta":631,"navigation":309,"path":632,"relatedPages":633,"section":313,"seo":637,"state":295,"stem":638,"updatedAt":618,"__hash__":639},"learn\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Faliquot-parts.md","Aliquot Parts",{"type":7,"value":322,"toc":609},[323,326,338,342,349,356,359,435,438,442,445,450,453,471,474,478,481,487,493,499,505,509,517,520,524,527,540,548,552,566,572,578,582,588,594,600],[10,324,320],{"id":325},"aliquot-parts",[14,327,328,329,332,333,337],{},"An ",[18,330,331],{},"aliquot part"," is a fractional subdivision of a PLSS ",[25,334,336],{"href":335},"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Fsection","section"," created by dividing it into equal quarters, then quartering those quarters, and so on. The word \"aliquot\" means \"contained an exact number of times\" — each subdivision divides evenly into its parent. Aliquot parts are how the Public Land Survey System describes parcels smaller than a full 640-acre section without ambiguity.",[41,339,341],{"id":340},"how-aliquot-subdivision-works","How Aliquot Subdivision Works",[14,343,344,345,348],{},"Every standard section starts as a one-mile square containing 640 acres. The first division splits it into four ",[18,346,347],{},"quarter sections"," of 160 acres each, labeled by compass direction: NE¼, NW¼, SE¼, and SW¼. Each quarter section measures half a mile on each side.",[14,350,351,352,355],{},"Those quarter sections can be divided again into ",[18,353,354],{},"quarter-quarter sections"," of 40 acres each. The NE¼ of the SW¼ (written NE¼SW¼) is a specific 40-acre parcel sitting in the northeast corner of the southwest quarter. This 40-acre unit was the standard homestead claim size under the original Homestead Act.",[14,357,358],{},"The process continues. A quarter of a quarter-quarter section yields a 10-acre parcel — the smallest standard aliquot part the BLM recognizes. That gives four levels of subdivision:",[154,360,361,377],{},[157,362,363],{},[160,364,365,368,371,374],{},[163,366,367],{},"Level",[163,369,370],{},"Size",[163,372,373],{},"Acres",[163,375,376],{},"Example",[170,378,379,393,407,421],{},[160,380,381,384,387,390],{},[175,382,383],{},"Quarter section",[175,385,386],{},"½ mile × ½ mile",[175,388,389],{},"160",[175,391,392],{},"NE¼",[160,394,395,398,401,404],{},[175,396,397],{},"Quarter-quarter",[175,399,400],{},"¼ mile × ¼ mile",[175,402,403],{},"40",[175,405,406],{},"NE¼SW¼",[160,408,409,412,415,418],{},[175,410,411],{},"Quarter-quarter-quarter",[175,413,414],{},"⅛ mile × ⅛ mile",[175,416,417],{},"10",[175,419,420],{},"NE¼NE¼SW¼",[160,422,423,426,429,432],{},[175,424,425],{},"Half section",[175,427,428],{},"1 mile × ½ mile",[175,430,431],{},"320",[175,433,434],{},"N½ (north half)",[14,436,437],{},"Half designations (N½, S½, E½, W½) also qualify as aliquot parts. The N½ of the NE¼ is an 80-acre rectangle across the top of the northeast quarter.",[41,439,441],{"id":440},"reading-aliquot-descriptions","Reading Aliquot Descriptions",[14,443,444],{},"PLSS legal descriptions read from the smallest parcel outward to the largest. This is the opposite of a mailing address, and it trips up people who encounter it for the first time.",[14,446,447],{},[18,448,449],{},"NW¼SE¼ Sec 14, T4N R68W, 6th Principal Meridian",[14,451,452],{},"Read this right to left:",[454,455,456,459,462,465,468],"ol",{},[52,457,458],{},"Start at the 6th Principal Meridian (eastern Colorado)",[52,460,461],{},"Find Township 4 North, Range 68 West",[52,463,464],{},"Go to Section 14",[52,466,467],{},"Locate the SE¼ (southeast quarter — 160 acres)",[52,469,470],{},"Within that, find the NW¼ (northwest quarter of the southeast quarter — 40 acres)",[14,472,473],{},"That final 40-acre parcel is the land being described. Every piece of the notation narrows the location, from an entire meridian system down to a specific tract.",[41,475,477],{"id":476},"where-aliquot-parts-show-up-in-practice","Where Aliquot Parts Show Up in Practice",[14,479,480],{},"Aliquot parts appear in virtually every PLSS-based land record:",[14,482,483,486],{},[18,484,485],{},"Oil and gas leases"," — A drilling permit might cover the SW¼NW¼ of Section 22, T15N R2E, Indian Meridian. That 40-acre parcel defines the permitted drilling unit in central Oklahoma. The spacing unit for a well often maps directly to an aliquot subdivision.",[14,488,489,492],{},[18,490,491],{},"Agricultural filings"," — Crop insurance acreage reports and USDA program enrollments (ARC, PLC) require legal descriptions at the quarter-section or quarter-quarter-section level. A farm operator in North Dakota might file coverage for the N½NE¼ of Section 10, T142N R98W, 5th Principal Meridian — an 80-acre tract of spring wheat.",[14,494,495,498],{},[18,496,497],{},"Real estate transactions"," — Title documents and deeds in PLSS states describe property boundaries using aliquot parts. A residential lot carved from the SE¼SE¼ of a section still traces its legal lineage back through the aliquot chain.",[14,500,501,504],{},[18,502,503],{},"Mineral rights"," — Mineral ownership is frequently severed from surface rights at the aliquot level. A mineral deed might convey rights to the E½SW¼ of Section 30, T10S R20E, Salt Lake Meridian — 80 acres of subsurface rights in eastern Utah, separate from whoever owns the surface.",[41,506,508],{"id":507},"aliquot-parts-vs-government-lots","Aliquot Parts vs. Government Lots",[14,510,511,512,516],{},"Not every parcel within a section can be described with aliquot notation. Where a section's boundaries are interrupted by a river, lake, or state line, the irregular remnants are assigned numbered ",[25,513,515],{"href":514},"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Fgovernment-lot","government lots"," instead of compass-direction subdivisions. A single section can contain both: standard aliquot parts on one side and government lots where the grid breaks down.",[14,518,519],{},"The key difference is predictability. If someone tells you \"NE¼SW¼ of Section 14,\" you know exactly where that 40 acres sits and how large it is — no plat required. A government lot description like \"Lot 3, Section 6\" requires the original GLO survey plat to determine shape, size, and location.",[41,521,523],{"id":522},"converting-aliquot-descriptions-to-coordinates","Converting Aliquot Descriptions to Coordinates",[14,525,526],{},"An aliquot description gives you a precise location within the PLSS grid, but translating that to latitude and longitude requires the underlying survey data — the township plat coordinates, section corner positions, and subdivision geometry.",[14,528,529,530,534,535,539],{},"Township America handles this conversion across all 30 PLSS states and all 37 ",[25,531,533],{"href":532},"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Fprincipal-meridian","principal meridians",". Enter a description like \"NW¼SE¼ Sec 14 T4N R68W 6th PM\" into the ",[25,536,538],{"href":537},"\u002Fplss-converter","PLSS converter"," and get back the centroid coordinates, parcel boundary, and acreage. The converter supports aliquot parts down to the quarter-quarter-quarter section level (10 acres).",[14,541,542,543,547],{},"For bulk work — title searches, lease audits, acreage verification — the ",[25,544,546],{"href":545},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-to\u002Fbatch-convert-plss","batch converter"," processes hundreds of aliquot descriptions from a CSV upload in a single pass.",[41,549,551],{"id":550},"common-mistakes-with-aliquot-parts","Common Mistakes with Aliquot Parts",[14,553,554,557,558,561,562,565],{},[18,555,556],{},"Reading order"," — The description NE¼SW¼ means \"the northeast quarter ",[257,559,560],{},"of"," the southwest quarter,\" not \"the northeast quarter ",[257,563,564],{},"and"," the southwest quarter.\" Misreading this places you in the wrong 40-acre parcel.",[14,567,568,571],{},[18,569,570],{},"Assuming uniform size"," — Along the north and west edges of a township, sections may be slightly over or under 640 acres due to convergence corrections. The aliquot parts in those sections inherit the size variation. The NE¼ of a 650-acre section is 162.5 acres, not 160.",[14,573,574,577],{},[18,575,576],{},"Mixing lot and aliquot notation"," — In fractional sections, some tracts are government lots and others are standard aliquot parts. A legal description that says \"Lot 2 and the SE¼\" is describing two different kinds of subdivisions within the same section. Both are valid, but they follow different rules.",[41,579,581],{"id":580},"faq","FAQ",[14,583,584,587],{},[18,585,586],{},"What does \"aliquot\" mean in land surveying?","\nAliquot means \"contained an exact number of times.\" In PLSS context, it refers to the standard fractional divisions of a section — quarters, quarter-quarters, and so on — where each piece divides evenly into its parent parcel.",[14,589,590,593],{},[18,591,592],{},"What is the smallest aliquot part?","\nThe BLM recognizes aliquot parts down to 1\u002F64th of a section (10 acres), which is a quarter-quarter-quarter section. Some states and local recording offices accept descriptions at the 1\u002F256th level (2.5 acres), but this varies by jurisdiction.",[14,595,596,599],{},[18,597,598],{},"How many aliquot parts are in a section?","\nA section contains 4 quarter sections, 16 quarter-quarter sections, or 64 quarter-quarter-quarter sections. The number depends on which subdivision level you are counting. Half-sections and other combinations add further options.",[14,601,602,605,606,608],{},[18,603,604],{},"Can I convert an aliquot part description to GPS coordinates?","\nYes. Enter any aliquot description into the Township America ",[25,607,538],{"href":537}," to get latitude and longitude coordinates, a boundary polygon, and the computed acreage. The converter handles all standard aliquot levels across every PLSS state.",{"title":106,"searchDepth":288,"depth":288,"links":610},[611,612,613,614,615,616,617],{"id":340,"depth":288,"text":341},{"id":440,"depth":288,"text":441},{"id":476,"depth":288,"text":477},{"id":507,"depth":288,"text":508},{"id":522,"depth":288,"text":523},{"id":550,"depth":288,"text":551},{"id":580,"depth":288,"text":581},"2026-04-04","Aliquot parts are the standardized subdivisions of a PLSS section — quarter sections (160 acres), quarter-quarter sections (40 acres), and smaller parcels down to 10 acres — used in legal land descriptions across all 30 PLSS states.",[621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630],"aliquot parts","aliquot part PLSS","quarter section","quarter-quarter section","PLSS subdivision","160 acres","40 acres","legal land description subdivision","aliquot notation","NE SW NW SE",{},"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Faliquot-parts",[335,634,514,635,636],"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Ftownship","\u002Flearn\u002Fplss\u002Fquarter-sections","\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-to\u002Fconvert-plss-to-gps",{"title":320,"description":619},"learn\u002Fglossary\u002Faliquot-parts","w0P_disCQve56JYrF-kaQB4iDw_Eu1xbrdg_bdf1I4w",{"id":641,"title":642,"body":643,"converterLink":295,"createdAt":296,"cta":295,"description":852,"draft":298,"extension":299,"icon":295,"industry":295,"keywords":853,"meridian":295,"meta":861,"navigation":309,"path":312,"relatedPages":862,"section":313,"seo":863,"state":295,"stem":864,"updatedAt":296,"__hash__":865},"learn\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Fblock-and-section.md","Block and Section (Texas)",{"type":7,"value":644,"toc":845},[645,648,654,657,663,670,674,694,700,704,707,714,718,721,794,801,805,808,812,815,832],[10,646,642],{"id":647},"block-and-section-texas",[14,649,650,651,653],{},"In the Texas Survey System, a ",[18,652,180],{}," reference identifies a one-square-mile parcel within a named railroad survey grant. It is the dominant TXSS convention in West Texas — the Permian Basin, Trans-Pecos, and Panhandle — and it looks superficially like a PLSS section reference but is anchored differently.",[14,655,656],{},"A typical Block & Section reference reads:",[97,658,661],{"className":659,"code":660,"language":102},[100],"Block 5, Sec 14, T&P Survey, Reeves County\n",[104,662,660],{"__ignoreMap":106},[14,664,665,666,669],{},"This means: Section 14 of Block 5 within the ",[18,667,668],{},"Texas and Pacific Railway Company Survey"," (T&P), located in Reeves County.",[41,671,673],{"id":672},"what-block-and-section-mean-here","What \"Block\" and \"Section\" Mean Here",[49,675,676,683,688],{},[52,677,678,679,682],{},"A ",[18,680,681],{},"block"," is a large rectangular area of a 19th-century railroad land grant. Blocks are numbered within each railroad's survey — Block 1, Block 2, and so on. The block is roughly the Texas equivalent of a PLSS township, but its size and shape vary by railroad.",[52,684,678,685,687],{},[18,686,336],{}," within a block is one square mile (~640 acres), similar to a PLSS section. Sections are numbered within each block.",[52,689,16,690,693],{},[18,691,692],{},"railroad survey name"," (T&P, H&TC, GC&SF, etc.) identifies which railroad's land grant the block belongs to.",[14,695,696,697,286],{},"Critically, block numbers are scoped to each railroad survey. There is no statewide Block 5 — there are many Block 5s, one in each railroad survey that has one. The unambiguous reference combines all four pieces: ",[18,698,699],{},"county, survey name, block, section",[41,701,703],{"id":702},"why-block-section-exists","Why Block & Section Exists",[14,705,706],{},"After Texas joined the Union in 1845, the state owned millions of acres of public land in the Trans-Pecos and Panhandle. Between the 1850s and 1880s, Texas issued land grants to railroads as inducements to build track. The railroad companies surveyed their grants into blocks and sections so they could sell off parcels to settlers.",[14,708,709,710,713],{},"This is why Block & Section descriptions feel more grid-like than other ",[25,711,712],{"href":27},"TXSS shapes"," — they were designed for systematic resale by the railroads.",[41,715,717],{"id":716},"common-railroad-surveys","Common Railroad Surveys",[14,719,720],{},"These are the railroad survey names you will most often see in Block & Section references:",[154,722,723,733],{},[157,724,725],{},[160,726,727,730],{},[163,728,729],{},"Abbreviation",[163,731,732],{},"Full Name",[170,734,735,744,754,764,774,784],{},[160,736,737,742],{},[175,738,739],{},[18,740,741],{},"T&P",[175,743,668],{},[160,745,746,751],{},[175,747,748],{},[18,749,750],{},"H&TC",[175,752,753],{},"Houston and Texas Central Railway Company Survey",[160,755,756,761],{},[175,757,758],{},[18,759,760],{},"GC&SF",[175,762,763],{},"Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway Company Survey",[160,765,766,771],{},[175,767,768],{},[18,769,770],{},"BS&F",[175,772,773],{},"Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway Company Survey",[160,775,776,781],{},[175,777,778],{},[18,779,780],{},"GH&SA",[175,782,783],{},"Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway Co. Survey",[160,785,786,791],{},[175,787,788],{},[18,789,790],{},"MK&T",[175,792,793],{},"Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Company Survey (\"Katy\")",[14,795,796,797,286],{},"For the full reference, see ",[25,798,800],{"href":799},"\u002Flearn\u002Ftxss\u002Fblocks-and-sections","Blocks and Sections",[41,802,804],{"id":803},"disambiguation","Disambiguation",[14,806,807],{},"If a description omits the survey name and the block number exists in multiple surveys within the same county, the reference is ambiguous. Township America's resolver returns candidate matches in that case so the caller can pick the right one.",[41,809,811],{"id":810},"reading-a-block-section-reference","Reading a Block & Section Reference",[14,813,814],{},"Equivalent forms you may see:",[49,816,817,822,827],{},[52,818,819],{},[104,820,821],{},"Block 5, Sec 14, T&P Survey, Reeves County",[52,823,824],{},[104,825,826],{},"Blk 5 Sec 14 T&P, Reeves Co.",[52,828,829],{},[104,830,831],{},"Section 14, Block 5, T&P RR Co. Survey, Reeves",[14,833,834,835,837,838,841,842,844],{},"Township America's parser normalizes abbreviations like ",[104,836,741],{},", ",[104,839,840],{},"T & P",", and ",[104,843,668],{}," to a single canonical name in the response.",{"title":106,"searchDepth":288,"depth":288,"links":846},[847,848,849,850,851],{"id":672,"depth":288,"text":673},{"id":702,"depth":288,"text":703},{"id":716,"depth":288,"text":717},{"id":803,"depth":288,"text":804},{"id":810,"depth":288,"text":811},"In the Texas Survey System, a Block & Section reference identifies a one-square-mile parcel within a named railroad survey grant — the dominant land description convention in West Texas.",[854,855,856,857,858,859,860,28],"Texas block and section","block number","railroad survey","T&P Survey","H&TC Survey","GC&SF Survey","Permian Basin land description",{},[37,32,216,799,284],{"title":642,"description":852},"learn\u002Fglossary\u002Fblock-and-section","09ehff5amCq9LwbHIqNIpl7_GC4C9aa158V5-ihDgz4",{"id":867,"title":868,"body":869,"converterLink":295,"createdAt":1108,"cta":295,"description":1109,"draft":298,"extension":299,"icon":295,"industry":295,"keywords":1110,"meridian":295,"meta":1118,"navigation":309,"path":514,"relatedPages":1119,"section":313,"seo":1120,"state":295,"stem":1121,"updatedAt":1108,"__hash__":1122},"learn\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Fgovernment-lot.md","Government Lot",{"type":7,"value":870,"toc":1099},[871,874,888,892,895,901,905,908,932,936,939,942,946,949,969,977,981,984,990,996,1005,1009,1079,1085,1089],[10,872,868],{"id":873},"government-lot",[14,875,678,876,879,880,883,884,887],{},[18,877,878],{},"government lot"," is an irregularly shaped parcel within a ",[25,881,882],{"href":335},"PLSS section"," that could not be divided into standard quarter sections during the original survey. Government lots appear wherever the rectangular grid meets an obstruction — a navigable river, a lake shoreline, a state boundary, or the north and west edges of a ",[25,885,886],{"href":634},"township"," where convergence corrections accumulate.",[41,889,891],{"id":890},"why-government-lots-exist","Why Government Lots Exist",[14,893,894],{},"The Public Land Survey System assumes a grid of one-mile-square sections, each containing four 160-acre quarter sections. That works on flat, uninterrupted terrain. But when a surveyor's line hits the Missouri River at Section 6, T1N R1E, the grid cannot continue through water. The land between the survey line and the water's edge is what remains — an odd-shaped tract that does not fit any standard aliquot subdivision.",[14,896,897,898,900],{},"Rather than ignore these parcels, the General Land Office (GLO) assigned them numbered ",[18,899,515],{}," — Lot 1, Lot 2, Lot 3, and so on — within the section. Each lot was individually surveyed and its acreage calculated from the field notes. A government lot might contain 15 acres or 120 acres depending on how much land fell between the standard grid lines and the natural feature.",[41,902,904],{"id":903},"where-government-lots-appear","Where Government Lots Appear",[14,906,907],{},"Government lots are concentrated in specific situations:",[49,909,910,916,926],{},[52,911,912,915],{},[18,913,914],{},"Riparian sections"," — Sections bordering navigable rivers and lakes. The surveyor ran a meander line along the water's edge, and the land between that meander line and the nearest quarter-section line became a government lot.",[52,917,918,921,922,925],{},[18,919,920],{},"North and west township edges"," — Sections 1 through 6 (the north tier) and Sections 6, 7, 18, 19, 30, and 31 (the west column) absorb the accumulated error from converging ",[25,923,924],{"href":532},"principal meridian"," lines. These sections are often slightly oversized or undersized, and the excess or deficit land is placed into government lots rather than standard quarter sections.",[52,927,928,931],{},[18,929,930],{},"State and reservation boundaries"," — Where a state line or Indian reservation boundary cuts through a section at an angle, the resulting fragments become government lots.",[41,933,935],{"id":934},"how-government-lots-are-numbered","How Government Lots Are Numbered",[14,937,938],{},"Lot numbering starts at 1 within each section and counts upward. The numbering sequence typically begins in the northeast corner of the section and proceeds west and south, but this is not universal — the original surveyor's field notes are the authority for lot placement and numbering.",[14,940,941],{},"A single section might contain both standard quarter sections and government lots. For example, a section along the Mississippi River might have NE and SE quarters (standard 160-acre tracts) on the east side, while the west side — where the river cuts in — is divided into Lots 1 through 4. The lot descriptions coexist with standard aliquot descriptions in the same section.",[41,943,945],{"id":944},"government-lots-in-legal-descriptions","Government Lots in Legal Descriptions",[14,947,948],{},"A government lot description looks different from a standard aliquot description. Instead of directional designations (NE, SW, NWSE), you see a lot number:",[49,950,951,957,963],{},[52,952,953,956],{},[18,954,955],{},"Lot 3, Section 6, T1N R1E, 6th Principal Meridian"," — An irregular tract along the Missouri River in eastern Nebraska",[52,958,959,962],{},[18,960,961],{},"Lots 1 and 2, Section 31, T2N R4W, 5th Principal Meridian"," — Fractional lots on the west edge of a township in eastern Arkansas",[52,964,965,968],{},[18,966,967],{},"Lot 4, Section 18, T15N R2E, Indian Meridian"," — A correction lot on the west side of a township in central Oklahoma",[14,970,971,972,976],{},"The lot number alone does not tell you where in the section the parcel sits or how many acres it contains. That information comes from the original ",[25,973,975],{"href":974},"\u002Fblog\u002Fblm-glo-records-2026-whats-new-how-to-use","GLO survey plat",", which shows the lot boundaries, meander lines, and computed acreage.",[41,978,980],{"id":979},"why-government-lots-matter","Why Government Lots Matter",[14,982,983],{},"Government lots create specific challenges in land work:",[14,985,986,989],{},[18,987,988],{},"Title searches"," — A deed referencing \"Lot 3, Section 6\" requires the surveyor's plat to confirm exact boundaries. Unlike the NE quarter, which is always the same shape and size, Lot 3 could be any shape and any acreage.",[14,991,992,995],{},[18,993,994],{},"Acreage calculations"," — Standard quarter sections are exactly 160 acres. Government lots are whatever the survey measured. If you are calculating lease payments, mineral royalties, or crop insurance coverage, you need the actual lot acreage from the plat — not an assumption.",[14,997,998,1001,1002,1004],{},[18,999,1000],{},"Coordinate conversion"," — Converting a government lot description to GPS coordinates requires data that accounts for the irregular shape. Township America handles government lot conversions by referencing the original survey geometry, returning the centroid coordinates and actual acreage. Try it with the ",[25,1003,538],{"href":537}," — enter a lot description like \"Lot 3 Section 6 T1N R1E 6th PM\" and get the coordinates back.",[41,1006,1008],{"id":1007},"government-lots-vs-quarter-sections","Government Lots vs. Quarter Sections",[154,1010,1011,1022],{},[157,1012,1013],{},[160,1014,1015,1017,1020],{},[163,1016],{},[163,1018,1019],{},"Quarter Section",[163,1021,868],{},[170,1023,1024,1035,1046,1057,1068],{},[160,1025,1026,1029,1032],{},[175,1027,1028],{},"Shape",[175,1030,1031],{},"Square (½ mile × ½ mile)",[175,1033,1034],{},"Irregular",[160,1036,1037,1040,1043],{},[175,1038,1039],{},"Acreage",[175,1041,1042],{},"160 (standard)",[175,1044,1045],{},"Varies (often 15–160 acres)",[160,1047,1048,1051,1054],{},[175,1049,1050],{},"Description",[175,1052,1053],{},"Compass directions (NE, SW)",[175,1055,1056],{},"Lot number (Lot 1, Lot 2)",[160,1058,1059,1062,1065],{},[175,1060,1061],{},"Location",[175,1063,1064],{},"Interior sections",[175,1066,1067],{},"Edges, water, boundaries",[160,1069,1070,1073,1076],{},[175,1071,1072],{},"Boundary source",[175,1074,1075],{},"Grid geometry",[175,1077,1078],{},"Original survey plat",[14,1080,1081,1082,1084],{},"Both are valid subdivisions of a PLSS ",[25,1083,336],{"href":335},". In practice, many title documents, drilling permits, and agricultural filings mix the two — a single section can have quarter sections on one side and government lots on the other.",[41,1086,1088],{"id":1087},"converting-government-lot-descriptions","Converting Government Lot Descriptions",[14,1090,1091,1092,1095,1096,1098],{},"If you have a legal description that references a government lot and need GPS coordinates, Township America can ",[25,1093,1094],{"href":636},"convert it to latitude and longitude",". The converter handles both standard aliquot parts and government lots across all 30 PLSS states and all 37 principal meridians. For bulk work, the ",[25,1097,546],{"href":545}," processes hundreds of descriptions — including mixed lot and quarter-section descriptions — in a single upload.",{"title":106,"searchDepth":288,"depth":288,"links":1100},[1101,1102,1103,1104,1105,1106,1107],{"id":890,"depth":288,"text":891},{"id":903,"depth":288,"text":904},{"id":934,"depth":288,"text":935},{"id":944,"depth":288,"text":945},{"id":979,"depth":288,"text":980},{"id":1007,"depth":288,"text":1008},{"id":1087,"depth":288,"text":1088},"2026-03-30","A government lot is an irregularly shaped parcel within a PLSS section that cannot be divided into standard quarter sections, typically found along rivers, lakes, and state boundaries.",[878,1111,1112,1113,1114,1115,1116,1117],"government lot PLSS","fractional section","irregular lot","PLSS lot numbering","fractional lot","riparian section","meander line",{},[335,634,532,636],{"title":868,"description":1109},"learn\u002Fglossary\u002Fgovernment-lot","Fw40fXVYdD5Qrzq-NE8opGG17PuzioUDAGDcs3McK1g",{"id":1124,"title":1125,"body":1126,"converterLink":295,"createdAt":1130,"cta":295,"description":1131,"draft":298,"extension":299,"icon":295,"industry":295,"keywords":295,"meridian":295,"meta":1132,"navigation":309,"path":1133,"relatedPages":295,"section":313,"seo":1134,"state":295,"stem":1135,"updatedAt":1130,"__hash__":1136},"learn\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary\u002Findex.md","PLSS Glossary",{"type":7,"value":1127,"toc":1128},[],{"title":106,"searchDepth":288,"depth":288,"links":1129},[],"2026-03-09","Definitions for PLSS, township, range, section, quarter section, principal meridian, and all US public land survey terms.",{},"\u002Flearn\u002Fglossary",{"title":1125,"description":1131},"learn\u002Fglossary\u002Findex","gmkphY5SGs838oxjNtuVLh1ZBSzHAGRirp8sIWbBm68"]