[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guide-texas-state-lands":3,"related-texas-state-lands":358},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":347,"description":348,"extension":349,"icon":350,"meta":351,"navigation":352,"order":353,"path":354,"seo":355,"stem":356,"__hash__":357},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Ftexas-state-lands.md","Texas State Lands in the Texas Pack: GLO Leases, PSF Lands and Coastal Hazards",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":328},"minimark",[9,13,18,25,32,38,42,62,65,69,72,78,84,98,102,116,119,123,175,178,182,185,205,212,216,224,261,269,273,276,280,283,287,292,295,299,307,311],[10,11,12],"p",{},"The State of Texas is a mineral owner and a landlord. Through the General Land Office (GLO) it leases oil and gas under state land, grazing and hunting on school land, and submerged tracts along the coast. When you buy a West Texas ranch or coastal acreage, the state's records on that tract are part of the deal. The Texas pack maps them on the abstract grid and lists them in the Texas Land Report.",[14,15,17],"h2",{"id":16},"state-oil-and-gas-leases","State oil and gas leases",[10,19,20,24],{},[21,22,23],"strong",{},"Texas GLO Leases"," maps oil and gas leases on state land, colored by status: Active, Producing, HBP (held by production), Expired, Terminated and Cancelled. Click a lease for its lease number, lessee, status, mineral, dates, acres, royalty rate, county and abstract.",[10,26,27,28,31],{},"In the Texas Land Report, the ",[21,29,30],{},"GLO state leases"," card lists the leases on the abstract with lease number (shown with the GLO's MF prefix), lessee, status, mineral type, expiration date and royalty. You can also search the GLO leases source by lease number, lessee or county.",[10,33,34,37],{},[21,35,36],{},"TX Hard-Mineral Leases"," covers the GLO's sulphur, salt, coal and lignite leases, colored by lease status.",[14,39,41],{"id":40},"pooled-units-and-voluntary-pooling","Pooled units and voluntary pooling",[43,44,45,56],"ul",{},[46,47,48,51,52,55],"li",{},[21,49,50],{},"TX GLO Pooled Units"," shows units that include state leases, split into active and inactive. The report's ",[21,53,54],{},"GLO pooled units"," card lists them on the abstract with lease number, unit name, lease type and status. Search by lease number, unit name or operator.",[46,57,58,61],{},[21,59,60],{},"TX GLO Voluntary Pooling"," shows voluntary pooling agreements covering state leases, colored by lease status. Search by lease number or unit name.",[10,63,64],{},"If a state lease on your tract is in a unit, read the two cards together.",[14,66,68],{"id":67},"psf-lands-and-glo-land-types","PSF lands and GLO land types",[10,70,71],{},"The Permanent School Fund (PSF) holds state land whose revenue supports Texas public schools, managed by the GLO.",[10,73,74,77],{},[21,75,76],{},"TX Permanent School Fund Lands"," maps PSF tracts by land type: PSF School Land, Patented Minerals, Relinquishment Act, PUF and Other. Click a tract for its control number and grantee. In the report, PSF rows show the tract control number, survey and deed acres. Search PSF lands by control number, grantee, survey or county.",[10,79,80,83],{},[21,81,82],{},"TX GLO Land Types"," is the GLO's statewide classification of state interests: School Land Fees, Relinquishment Act, Patented Minerals, PUF (Permanent University Fund), Free Royalty and Asylum Lands. It is map only, with no search. Two classes come up often:",[43,85,86,92],{},[46,87,88,91],{},[21,89,90],{},"Relinquishment Act lands."," On these lands the surface owner acts as the state's agent in leasing the minerals and shares the lease income with the state. The GLO file has the terms.",[46,93,94,97],{},[21,95,96],{},"PUF lands."," Permanent University Fund lands support the University of Texas and Texas A&M systems and are leased through University Lands, not the GLO lease files.",[14,99,101],{"id":100},"state-agency-and-upland-surface","State-agency and upland surface",[43,103,104,110],{},[46,105,106,109],{},[21,107,108],{},"TX State-Agency Lands"," maps the inventory of land held by state agencies such as TPWD, TxDOT and the university systems. The report lists the tract number, land name and land type.",[46,111,112,115],{},[21,113,114],{},"TX Upland Surface-Use Leases"," maps GLO surface leases on PSF uplands by purpose: grazing, hunting, timber, recreation and other. The popup shows the project and lease numbers, status, activity, purpose and total consideration. The report's upland rows show lease number, activity, lessee and status.",[10,117,118],{},"An upland lease is someone else's right to use that surface. Know it is there before you plan fences, roads or a hunting lease of your own.",[14,120,122],{"id":121},"coastal-leases-and-tracts","Coastal leases and tracts",[124,125,126,139],"table",{},[127,128,129],"thead",{},[130,131,132,136],"tr",{},[133,134,135],"th",{},"Layer",[133,137,138],{},"What it shows",[140,141,142,151,159,167],"tbody",{},[130,143,144,148],{},[145,146,147],"td",{},"Texas Bay Tracts",[145,149,150],{},"The GLO's submerged bay tract grid, by tract ID",[130,152,153,156],{},[145,154,155],{},"TX Coastal Leases",[145,157,158],{},"GLO Gulf and bay lease polygons, by GLO ID and class",[130,160,161,164],{},[145,162,163],{},"TX Oyster Mariculture Leases",[145,165,166],{},"TPWD private oyster leases (map only)",[130,168,169,172],{},[145,170,171],{},"TX Non-Mineral Submerged Leases",[145,173,174],{},"Commercial and residential submerged leases, by project and grantee",[10,176,177],{},"All but the oyster leases are searchable by their IDs.",[14,179,181],{"id":180},"coastal-hazard-layers","Coastal hazard layers",[10,183,184],{},"Three layers cover coastal risk:",[43,186,187,193,199],{},[46,188,189,192],{},[21,190,191],{},"TX Critical Coastal Erosion."," GLO chronic-erosion zones, shaded by the magnitude of the long-term erosion rate, from 0 up to 20 feet per year and more.",[46,194,195,198],{},[21,196,197],{},"TX Shoreline Change Rates."," Points from the Bureau of Economic Geology at the University of Texas, colored by end-point rate in feet per year: reds for shoreline retreat, greens for accretion, near-white for stable.",[46,200,201,204],{},[21,202,203],{},"TX Coastal Flood Hazard (FEMA NFHL)."," The GLO's coastal copy of FEMA flood zones: V and VE (velocity hazard), A and AE (1 percent annual chance), AH and AO (shallow flooding and sheet flow), shaded X (0.2 percent annual chance) and X (minimal).",[10,206,207,208,211],{},"For coastal abstracts, the report adds a ",[21,209,210],{},"Coastal erosion and hazards"," card listing each erosion site with its long-term (LR) and end-point (EP) rates in feet per year and the R² of the long-term fit. Inland abstracts skip the card.",[14,213,215],{"id":214},"worked-example","Worked example",[10,217,218,219,223],{},"A buyer is looking at acreage in ",[220,221,222],"code",{},"Abstract 2 Galveston County",".",[225,226,227,230,237,247,255,258],"ol",{},[46,228,229],{},"Search it. The match is the S F Austin survey.",[46,231,232,233,236],{},"Turn on ",[21,234,235],{},"TX Coastal Flood Hazard (FEMA NFHL)",". Check which zones cover the abstract: A or AE on low ground, V or VE closer to open water, shaded X or X on higher ground.",[46,238,232,239,242,243,246],{},[21,240,241],{},"TX Shoreline Change Rates"," and ",[21,244,245],{},"TX Critical Coastal Erosion"," and pan to the nearest shoreline. Red points mean that stretch has been retreating, green that it has been building.",[46,248,249,250,242,252,254],{},"If the property fronts the bay, turn on ",[21,251,147],{},[21,253,171],{}," to see which submerged tracts front it and whether a pier or other structure is already leased.",[46,256,257],{},"Open the report's Texas tab. Read the GLO lease and PSF cards for any state interest. If the abstract falls in a critical erosion area, the coastal card shows the rates.",[46,259,260],{},"Note the lease and tract numbers and confirm them with the GLO.",[10,262,263,264,223],{},"For the description shapes behind these lookups, see ",[265,266,268],"a",{"href":267},"\u002Fguides\u002Ftexas-abstracts-blocks-surveys","Texas abstracts, blocks and surveys",[14,270,272],{"id":271},"what-is-not-included","What is not included",[10,274,275],{},"GLO easements are not in the pack because the GLO source does not allow queries; get easement records from the GLO directly. The pack also does not tell you who owns private surface or the minerals under it.",[14,277,279],{"id":278},"limits","Limits",[10,281,282],{},"These are official GLO, TPWD and federal records as loaded, not a title opinion, a survey, an appraisal or a Phase I ESA. An erosion rate describes the past shoreline, not the next storm, and the coastal flood layer is a copy of FEMA's map, not an elevation certificate. Confirm any lease, unit or land-type record with the GLO.",[14,284,286],{"id":285},"faq","FAQ",[288,289,291],"h3",{"id":290},"does-a-glo-lease-on-the-map-mean-the-state-owns-the-minerals-under-my-tract","Does a GLO lease on the map mean the state owns the minerals under my tract?",[10,293,294],{},"It means the GLO has a lease record on that ground. The land type and the lease file tell you what interest the state holds. Relinquishment Act lands, for example, involve the surface owner in the leasing.",[288,296,298],{"id":297},"can-i-find-the-state-leases-on-a-texas-abstract","Can I find the state leases on a Texas abstract?",[10,300,301,302,306],{},"Look up the abstract and open the report: the GLO state leases card lists the leases on it. On the map, each lease popup shows its abstract. The GLO leases search source takes a lease number, lessee or county. The ",[265,303,305],{"href":304},"\u002Fguides\u002Ftexas-pack","Texas pack overview"," lists every searchable source.",[288,308,310],{"id":309},"where-do-rrc-wells-and-permits-fit-in","Where do RRC wells and permits fit in?",[10,312,313,314,318,319,323,324,223],{},"They are in the same pack. See ",[265,315,317],{"href":316},"\u002Fguides\u002Ftexas-wells-production-permits","Texas wells, production and permits",". County directories are on the ",[265,320,322],{"href":321},"\u002Ftexas","Texas hub",", and pack prices are on the ",[265,325,327],{"href":326},"\u002Fpricing","pricing page",{"title":329,"searchDepth":330,"depth":330,"links":331},"",2,[332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341],{"id":16,"depth":330,"text":17},{"id":40,"depth":330,"text":41},{"id":67,"depth":330,"text":68},{"id":100,"depth":330,"text":101},{"id":121,"depth":330,"text":122},{"id":180,"depth":330,"text":181},{"id":214,"depth":330,"text":215},{"id":271,"depth":330,"text":272},{"id":278,"depth":330,"text":279},{"id":285,"depth":330,"text":286,"children":342},[343,345,346],{"id":290,"depth":344,"text":291},3,{"id":297,"depth":344,"text":298},{"id":309,"depth":344,"text":310},"data-packs","How to read GLO state oil and gas leases, pooled units and pooling agreements, Permanent School Fund lands, GLO land types including Relinquishment Act lands, upland and coastal leases, and the coastal erosion, shoreline change and flood hazard layers.","md","i-lucide-waves",{},true,13,"\u002Fguides\u002Ftexas-state-lands",{"title":5,"description":348},"guides\u002Ftexas-state-lands","M8bzmfGDpFlY9msaFaFBSz2IsP2nc1hGa8-jFpzL_P4",[359,731,1041],{"id":360,"title":361,"body":362,"category":347,"description":723,"extension":349,"icon":724,"meta":725,"navigation":352,"order":726,"path":727,"seo":728,"stem":729,"__hash__":730},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Fdata-packs.md","Data Packs: Energy, Federal Land and Texas Add-ons",{"type":7,"value":363,"toc":707},[364,367,371,427,442,446,458,462,465,472,480,484,487,490,493,497,503,511,515,613,615,618,656,659,663,666,669,673,677,680,684,687,691,700,704],[10,365,366],{},"A PLSS lookup tells you where a tract is. A data pack tells you which official public records sit on it: the wells, the federal leases, the flood zone, the Texas state lease. Township America sells that layer of records as three add-ons, called data packs, that stack on top of a Pro or Business plan.",[14,368,370],{"id":369},"the-three-packs","The three packs",[124,372,373,386],{},[127,374,375],{},[130,376,377,380,383],{},[133,378,379],{},"Pack",[133,381,382],{},"What it adds",[133,384,385],{},"Built for",[140,387,388,401,414],{},[130,389,390,395,398],{},[145,391,392],{},[21,393,394],{},"Energy",[145,396,397],{},"State well registers for Colorado, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Wyoming and New Mexico, BLM federal oil and gas leases, ONRR county royalty totals, federal subsurface minerals (split estate), HIFLD pipelines, FracFocus disclosures, USGS orphaned wells, sage-grouse habitat, the BLM Western Solar Plan, USGS wind turbines, NREL Land of Opportunity and nearest rail lines",[145,399,400],{},"Landmen, mineral buyers, energy developers",[130,402,403,408,411],{},[145,404,405],{},[21,406,407],{},"Federal Land",[145,409,410],{},"A 15-layer pre-screen for a PLSS section: BLM surface management, oil and gas, geothermal and right-of-way records, mining claims, public access, FEMA flood zones, USFWS wetlands and critical habitat, USFS wildfire risk, NRCS soils, USDA crop history, USGS orphaned wells, USGS elevation, plus nearby parks and protected areas",[145,412,413],{},"Appraisers, ag lenders, land buyers, environmental screening",[130,415,416,421,424],{},[145,417,418],{},[21,419,420],{},"Texas",[145,422,423],{},"Data layers on top of the free Texas Abstract\u002FBlock\u002FSurvey grid: GLO oil and gas leases and pooled units, PSF and state-agency lands, upland and coastal leases, RRC wells, drilling permits, pipelines and production, UIC disposal wells, coastal erosion and flood hazard",[145,425,426],{},"Texas landmen, ranch buyers, GLO analysts",[10,428,429,430,434,435,242,439,223],{},"Each pack has its own guide: ",[265,431,433],{"href":432},"\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-pack","Energy pack",", ",[265,436,438],{"href":437},"\u002Fguides\u002Ffederal-land-pack","Federal Land pack",[265,440,441],{"href":304},"Texas pack",[14,443,445],{"id":444},"who-can-add-a-pack","Who can add a pack",[10,447,448,449,242,452,455,456,223],{},"Packs are add-ons for the ",[21,450,451],{},"Pro",[21,453,454],{},"Business"," plans. Starter accounts need to move to Pro first. Enterprise accounts get packs through their agreement. Current prices for each pack and the All Packs bundle are on the ",[265,457,327],{"href":326},[14,459,461],{"id":460},"stacking-and-the-all-packs-bundle","Stacking and the All Packs bundle",[10,463,464],{},"Hold any combination: Energy alone, Federal Land and Texas, or all three. Each pack is billed alongside your plan, and you can add or cancel one without touching the others.",[10,466,467,468,471],{},"The ",[21,469,470],{},"All Packs"," bundle gives you every pack in one subscription. Two things change when you hold every pack, whether through the bundle or as three single packs:",[43,473,474,477],{},[46,475,476],{},"Your parcel reports count against one combined monthly allowance instead of one allowance per pack.",[46,478,479],{},"The Combined Parcel Report PDF can print a page for each pack on the same parcel.",[14,481,483],{"id":482},"the-7-day-trial","The 7-day trial",[10,485,486],{},"Pro and Business accounts can try the packs for seven days. At checkout, every pack is selected by default and you uncheck the ones you do not want. The trial costs $0 and it is not a card trial: nothing is charged when it ends unless you confirm.",[10,488,489],{},"When the seven days are up, a dialog lists the packs you tried. Pick monthly or annual billing and confirm the packs to keep, or end the trial. If you do nothing, access stops and nothing is charged. On a Business team the trial covers the organization, and only the owner can confirm a paid subscription. Each account or organization gets one trial.",[10,491,492],{},"Trial packs behave exactly like paid packs, with the same layers, report tabs and allowance meter.",[14,494,496],{"id":495},"the-monthly-parcel-report-allowance","The monthly parcel-report allowance",[10,498,499,500,502],{},"Each pack includes a monthly allowance of parcel reports. The allowance for your plan is on the ",[265,501,327],{"href":326},", and your usage this month is on the Account page. Some older subscriptions carry different allowances; the Account page always shows yours.",[10,504,505,506,510],{},"One report is one parcel (a PLSS section or a Texas abstract), for one pack, in one calendar month. Reopening that parcel, printing its PDF or opening it on mobile does not count again. Map layers, searches and the free layer counts never count. Allowances reset on the first of the month (UTC), with no overage charges. ",[265,507,509],{"href":508},"\u002Fguides\u002Fparcel-reports","Parcel reports"," covers the rules in detail.",[14,512,514],{"id":513},"where-each-pack-shows-up","Where each pack shows up",[124,516,517,527],{},[127,518,519],{},[130,520,521,524],{},[133,522,523],{},"Surface",[133,525,526],{},"What you get",[140,528,529,550,564,583,593,603],{},[130,530,531,536],{},[145,532,533],{},[21,534,535],{},"Map layers",[145,537,538,539,242,543,546,547,549],{},"Energy adds the ",[540,541,542],"em",{},"Producing states",[540,544,545],{},"Federal & cross-state"," groups in the Layers panel. Texas adds the ",[540,548,420],{}," group. Federal Land is report-first: its BLM surface management and mining claims layers are built into Pro.",[130,551,552,557],{},[145,553,554],{},[21,555,556],{},"Search",[145,558,559,560,563],{},"Pack datasets (wells, pipelines, orphaned wells, Texas leases and more) become search sources. They are off by default: turn them on under ",[21,561,562],{},"Search settings",". They run when you submit a search, not as you type.",[130,565,566,571],{},[145,567,568],{},[21,569,570],{},"Parcel report",[145,572,573,574,434,576,579,580,582],{},"The sidebar report has an ",[21,575,394],{},[21,577,578],{},"Land"," and, for Texas parcels, ",[21,581,420],{}," tab. A tab for a pack you do not hold shows what that pack adds.",[130,584,585,590],{},[145,586,587],{},[21,588,589],{},"PDF",[145,591,592],{},"The Combined Parcel Report PDF prints a cover page plus a page for each pack you hold.",[130,594,595,600],{},[145,596,597],{},[21,598,599],{},"Mobile",[145,601,602],{},"The iOS and Android apps sign in with your account and show a parcel report tab for each pack you hold.",[130,604,605,610],{},[145,606,607],{},[21,608,609],{},"AI connector",[145,611,612],{},"On Pro and up, ChatGPT and Claude can request a parcel report for a pack you hold, counted against the same allowance.",[14,614,215],{"id":214},[10,616,617],{},"A landman is checking Section 14, Township 5 North, Range 65 West, Sixth Principal Meridian, in Weld County, Colorado.",[225,619,620,627,638,644,650],{},[46,621,622,623,626],{},"Type ",[220,624,625],{},"14 5N 65W 6th Meridian"," in the search box and press Enter.",[46,628,629,630,633,634,637],{},"Click ",[21,631,632],{},"Report"," on the result. The parcel report opens beside the map on the ",[21,635,636],{},"Overview"," tab, with the county, state and acreage.",[46,639,640,641,643],{},"With the Energy pack, the ",[21,642,394],{}," tab lists Colorado wells in and around the section and the operators drilling within a mile.",[46,645,646,647,649],{},"With Federal Land as well, the ",[21,648,578],{}," tab adds flood zones, wetlands, soils and wildfire risk for the same section.",[46,651,652,653,223],{},"The footer button now reads ",[21,654,655],{},"Combined Report PDF",[10,657,658],{},"That session counts one Energy report and one Federal Land report for the month. An All Packs holder counts one report against the combined allowance.",[14,660,662],{"id":661},"what-the-data-is-and-is-not","What the data is, and is not",[10,664,665],{},"Every layer is an official public record from BLM, USGS, ONRR, FEMA, USFWS, USFS, NRCS, USDA, the state oil and gas commissions, the Texas General Land Office or the Railroad Commission of Texas. Township America joins those records to the PLSS grid and the Texas abstract grid and shows them as published.",[10,667,668],{},"That makes a pack a fast first look, not a final answer. It is not a survey, a title opinion or a Phase 1 environmental site assessment, and agency records lag the ground. Confirm anything a decision depends on with the publishing agency.",[14,670,672],{"id":671},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently Asked Questions",[288,674,676],{"id":675},"can-i-add-a-data-pack-to-a-starter-plan","Can I add a data pack to a Starter plan?",[10,678,679],{},"No. Packs need a Pro or Business plan. Upgrade to Pro first, then add the packs you need.",[288,681,683],{"id":682},"will-the-trial-charge-my-card-when-it-ends","Will the trial charge my card when it ends?",[10,685,686],{},"No. The trial is free access stored on your account, not a card trial. You are charged only if you confirm a subscription in the dialog at the end.",[288,688,690],{"id":689},"do-i-need-every-pack-to-get-a-pdf","Do I need every pack to get a PDF?",[10,692,693,694,697,698,223],{},"No. The PDF prints a cover page plus one page for each pack you hold. With one pack the footer button reads ",[21,695,696],{},"Report PDF","; with two or more it reads ",[21,699,655],{},[288,701,703],{"id":702},"does-searching-or-browsing-the-map-use-my-report-allowance","Does searching or browsing the map use my report allowance?",[10,705,706],{},"No. Only opening a full parcel report counts, once per parcel per pack per month. Map layers, search results and the free layer counts are never metered.",{"title":329,"searchDepth":330,"depth":330,"links":708},[709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717],{"id":369,"depth":330,"text":370},{"id":444,"depth":330,"text":445},{"id":460,"depth":330,"text":461},{"id":482,"depth":330,"text":483},{"id":495,"depth":330,"text":496},{"id":513,"depth":330,"text":514},{"id":214,"depth":330,"text":215},{"id":661,"depth":330,"text":662},{"id":671,"depth":330,"text":672,"children":718},[719,720,721,722],{"id":675,"depth":344,"text":676},{"id":682,"depth":344,"text":683},{"id":689,"depth":344,"text":690},{"id":702,"depth":344,"text":703},"What the Energy, Federal Land and Texas data packs add to a Pro or Business plan, how stacking, the All Packs bundle and the 7-day trial work, and where each pack shows up in Township America.","i-lucide-package",{},1,"\u002Fguides\u002Fdata-packs",{"title":361,"description":723},"guides\u002Fdata-packs","u05JCUQnCVBjy3IgTdlZPqzu8Vyodnefqzh6wdRjE6o",{"id":732,"title":733,"body":734,"category":347,"description":1033,"extension":349,"icon":1034,"meta":1035,"navigation":352,"order":1036,"path":1037,"seo":1038,"stem":1039,"__hash__":1040},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-leases-and-royalties.md","BLM Federal Leases, ONRR Royalties and Split Estate in the Energy Pack",{"type":7,"value":735,"toc":1014},[736,739,743,747,757,783,786,789,792,796,802,808,820,824,830,833,844,847,851,855,864,867,871,880,883,889,891,894,931,938,940,978,984,986,990,993,997,1000,1004,1007,1011],[10,737,738],{},"On federal-land tracts, three questions come before anything else: is there a federal lease on this ground, does the federal government own the minerals, and what has the county paid in federal royalty? The Energy pack answers each from the agency that keeps the record: BLM for leases and mineral ownership, the Office of Natural Resources Revenue (ONRR) for royalties.",[14,740,742],{"id":741},"blm-federal-oil-and-gas-leases","BLM federal oil and gas leases",[288,744,746],{"id":745},"on-the-map","On the map",[10,748,749,750,752,753,756],{},"In the Layers panel, expand ",[21,751,545],{}," and turn on ",[21,754,755],{},"Federal O&G Leases",". Lease polygons come from BLM's Mineral & Land Records System (MLRS) and are colored by status:",[43,758,759,765,771,777],{},[46,760,761,764],{},[21,762,763],{},"Authorized",": an issued lease in effect",[46,766,767,770],{},[21,768,769],{},"Pending",": an application or offer not yet issued",[46,772,773,776],{},[21,774,775],{},"Interim",": BLM's interim status",[46,778,779,782],{},[21,780,781],{},"Closed",": expired, relinquished or terminated",[10,784,785],{},"Closed leases make up most of the MLRS record, so they draw in muted gray and the live leases stand out against them.",[10,787,788],{},"Click a lease for its popup: serial number, legal location, status, effective and expiration dates, acres and county. The copy button copies the lease's legal location in Township America's search format, so you can paste it straight back into search. Where MLRS has no legal location (Texas and the non-PLSS eastern states), it copies the serial number instead.",[10,790,791],{},"MLRS does not publish the lessee on this layer, so the popup shows the serial number without a holder name. Use the serial to pull the case file from BLM.",[288,793,795],{"id":794},"on-the-energy-tab","On the Energy tab",[10,797,467,798,801],{},[21,799,800],{},"BLM federal leases"," card lists the oil and gas leases that intersect the section, with serial, status and expiration, plus any geothermal leases. Click the chevron on a lease to open its lease record: holder (when published), status, type or commodity, acreage, effective and expiration dates.",[803,804,805],"note",{},[10,806,807],{},"On the web, this card reads from the Federal Land report for PLSS sections, so it fills in when you also hold Federal Land or All Packs. The mobile app and the AI connector return BLM leases with the Energy pack alone.",[10,809,467,810,814,815,819],{},[265,811,813],{"href":812},"\u002Fenergy\u002Fleases","federal lease directory"," has a page for many of the largest BLM leases, and the Federal Land pack's ",[265,816,818],{"href":817},"\u002Fguides\u002Ffederal-land-blm-records","BLM records guide"," covers rights-of-way, geothermal leases and mining claims on the same section.",[14,821,823],{"id":822},"onrr-federal-royalties","ONRR federal royalties",[10,825,467,826,829],{},[21,827,828],{},"Federal mineral royalties"," card shows the federal royalty ONRR reports for the county the section sits in, over the last ten years, as a total and broken out by commodity.",[10,831,832],{},"Read it as county context:",[43,834,835,838,841],{},[46,836,837],{},"Every section in the same county shows the same figures.",[46,839,840],{},"ONRR does not publish royalty for individual leases, so there is no parcel-level royalty figure to show.",[46,842,843],{},"A county with no federal royalty in the period shows a short note instead of a table.",[10,845,846],{},"It is useful for sizing how active federal production is in a county. It is not a royalty statement for any lease, and it does not tell you what a given tract earned.",[14,848,850],{"id":849},"federal-subsurface-minerals-and-split-estate","Federal subsurface minerals and split estate",[288,852,854],{"id":853},"the-federal-subsurface-minerals-layer","The Federal Subsurface Minerals layer",[10,856,857,858,434,860,863],{},"Under ",[21,859,545],{},[21,861,862],{},"Federal Subsurface Minerals"," draws BLM's mapped units of federally owned minerals, in the states where BLM has mapped them. Click a unit for its mineral ownership, surface ownership, source dataset and acres.",[10,865,866],{},"This is the layer to check when the surface is private but the minerals may have been reserved to the United States at patent, a common pattern on stock-raising homesteads in the West.",[288,868,870],{"id":869},"the-split-estate-card","The Split-estate card",[10,872,467,873,876,877,223],{},[21,874,875],{},"Split-estate"," card on the Energy tab compares two mapped datasets for the section: BLM's federal subsurface minerals and BLM's surface management agency layer. If one shows federal ownership over a meaningful share of the section and the other does not, the card reports a split estate. Otherwise it says ",[21,878,879],{},"Not detected",[10,881,882],{},"The flag is derived by Township America from those two layers. Treat it as a prompt to pull the patent and the BLM case record, not as a finding. A \"not detected\" result on ground BLM has not mapped tells you nothing about the minerals.",[10,884,467,885,888],{},[21,886,887],{},"Surface & access"," card nearby shows the surface management agency and any BLM public-access records for the section. Like the lease card, it reads from the Federal Land report on the web.",[14,890,215],{"id":214},[10,892,893],{},"A landman is evaluating Section 22, Township 19 North, Range 104 West, Sixth Principal Meridian, in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, in the checkerboard country around Rock Springs where federal and private sections alternate.",[225,895,896,908,913,918,926],{},[46,897,898,899,902,903,905,906,223],{},"Search ",[220,900,901],{},"22 19N 104W 6th Meridian"," and click ",[21,904,632],{},". Open ",[21,907,394],{},[46,909,910,912],{},[21,911,800],{}," lists any federal oil and gas leases on the section. An authorized lease means the federal minerals are already leased; note the serial and expiration date.",[46,914,915,917],{},[21,916,875],{}," shows whether the surface and mineral records disagree.",[46,919,920,921,242,923,925],{},"On the map, turn on ",[21,922,862],{},[21,924,755],{}," together to see how the section sits against its neighbors.",[46,927,928,930],{},[21,929,828],{}," gives Sweetwater County's federal royalty by commodity, as context for how much federal production the county carries.",[10,932,933,934,223],{},"Each serial number then goes to BLM MLRS for the case file, and the patent goes to the county clerk. For the state-level picture first, start from the ",[265,935,937],{"href":936},"\u002Fenergy\u002Fstates","Energy state pages",[14,939,279],{"id":278},[43,941,942,948,954,960,966,972],{},[46,943,944,947],{},[21,945,946],{},"MLRS status vocabulary."," MLRS uses Authorized, Pending, Interim and Closed. It does not separate expired, relinquished or terminated leases; all three are Closed.",[46,949,950,953],{},[21,951,952],{},"No lessee on the map layer."," The serial number is the key. The holder comes from the BLM case record.",[46,955,956,959],{},[21,957,958],{},"No search source for leases."," Federal leases are not a search source yet. Find them by section on the map or the Energy tab, or browse the lease directory.",[46,961,962,965],{},[21,963,964],{},"County-level royalties only."," ONRR figures are county aggregates, not lease or parcel revenue.",[46,967,968,971],{},[21,969,970],{},"Mapped minerals only."," Federal subsurface data covers the states BLM has mapped. Absence on the map is not proof of private minerals.",[46,973,974,977],{},[21,975,976],{},"Not a title opinion."," These are public records. Mineral ownership and lease rights are settled by title examination, not by a map layer.",[10,979,980,981,223],{},"For how these records fit into a full report and PDF, see ",[265,982,983],{"href":508},"parcel reports",[14,985,672],{"id":671},[288,987,989],{"id":988},"why-does-the-lease-popup-have-no-lessee-name","Why does the lease popup have no lessee name?",[10,991,992],{},"BLM's MLRS lease layer does not publish the lessee. Look up the serial number in MLRS to see the case record and its parties.",[288,994,996],{"id":995},"can-i-see-royalties-for-one-lease","Can I see royalties for one lease?",[10,998,999],{},"Not from ONRR's public data. ONRR publishes royalty by state, county and commodity, so the Energy tab shows the county figure.",[288,1001,1003],{"id":1002},"does-a-split-estate-flag-mean-the-minerals-are-federal","Does a split-estate flag mean the minerals are federal?",[10,1005,1006],{},"It means the mapped surface and mineral layers disagree for that section. Confirm with the land patent and the BLM record before you rely on it.",[288,1008,1010],{"id":1009},"why-are-most-leases-on-the-map-gray","Why are most leases on the map gray?",[10,1012,1013],{},"Gray is Closed. Most MLRS lease records are historical, so closed leases form the background and authorized, pending and interim leases show in color.",{"title":329,"searchDepth":330,"depth":330,"links":1015},[1016,1020,1021,1025,1026,1027],{"id":741,"depth":330,"text":742,"children":1017},[1018,1019],{"id":745,"depth":344,"text":746},{"id":794,"depth":344,"text":795},{"id":822,"depth":330,"text":823},{"id":849,"depth":330,"text":850,"children":1022},[1023,1024],{"id":853,"depth":344,"text":854},{"id":869,"depth":344,"text":870},{"id":214,"depth":330,"text":215},{"id":278,"depth":330,"text":279},{"id":671,"depth":330,"text":672,"children":1028},[1029,1030,1031,1032],{"id":988,"depth":344,"text":989},{"id":995,"depth":344,"text":996},{"id":1002,"depth":344,"text":1003},{"id":1009,"depth":344,"text":1010},"Read BLM federal oil and gas leases, ONRR county royalty totals and federal subsurface minerals for a PLSS section in Township America, and check for a split estate before you lease or buy.","i-lucide-scroll",{},5,"\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-leases-and-royalties",{"title":733,"description":1033},"guides\u002Fenergy-leases-and-royalties","PRNuG32BwD5Kh-PtoiWpKq--3yXycDwEKFjE0xD_uQk",{"id":1042,"title":1043,"body":1044,"category":347,"description":1353,"extension":349,"icon":1354,"meta":1355,"navigation":352,"order":1356,"path":1357,"seo":1358,"stem":1359,"__hash__":1360},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-orphaned-wells-and-fracfocus.md","Orphaned Wells and FracFocus Disclosures in the Energy Pack",{"type":7,"value":1045,"toc":1330},[1046,1059,1062,1066,1077,1079,1087,1091,1110,1114,1123,1132,1135,1139,1142,1162,1170,1173,1176,1182,1185,1198,1201,1213,1216,1222,1230,1232,1235,1266,1269,1271,1297,1299,1303,1306,1310,1313,1317,1323,1327],[10,1047,1048,1049,1052,1053,1056,1057,223],{},"Two Energy layers tell you about wells that may leave a mark on a tract after the drilling is done. ",[21,1050,1051],{},"USGS orphaned wells"," flags unplugged wells with no responsible operator, the kind of liability a buyer or lender wants to know about before closing. ",[21,1054,1055],{},"FracFocus disclosures"," shows where and when wells nearby were hydraulically fractured, and how much water each job used. Both are part of the ",[265,1058,433],{"href":432},[14,1060,1051],{"id":1061},"usgs-orphaned-wells",[288,1063,1065],{"id":1064},"what-it-is","What it is",[10,1067,1068,1069,1072,1073,1076],{},"The USGS inventory of documented orphaned oil and gas wells, compiled from state records across the country. In the app it appears as ",[21,1070,1071],{},"Orphaned Wells"," on the map and as ",[21,1074,1075],{},"Orphaned wells (USGS DOW)"," on the parcel report.",[288,1078,746],{"id":745},[10,1080,1081,1082,752,1084,1086],{},"Open the Layers panel, expand ",[21,1083,545],{},[21,1085,1071],{},". Each well is a copper point. Click one for its popup: well name or ID, operator of record, API number, status, spud date, the year it was abandoned and the county.",[288,1088,1090],{"id":1089},"in-search","In search",[10,1092,232,1093,1095,1096,1098,1099,434,1102,1105,1106,1109],{},[21,1094,1051],{}," under ",[21,1097,562],{}," and search by ",[21,1100,1101],{},"API number",[21,1103,1104],{},"well name"," or ",[21,1107,1108],{},"operator",". This is the fastest way to check whether a well named in a lease or a deed is on the orphaned list.",[288,1111,1113],{"id":1112},"on-the-parcel-report","On the parcel report",[10,1115,467,1116,1118,1119,1122],{},[21,1117,1075],{}," card on the Energy tab lists the orphaned wells in the section, with ID, operator and status. Click the pin on a row to zoom the map to the well. The flag row at the top of the tab reads ",[21,1120,1121],{},"No orphan wells"," or gives the count.",[803,1124,1125],{},[10,1126,1127,1128,223],{},"On the web, this card reads from the Federal Land report for PLSS sections, so it fills in when you also hold Federal Land or All Packs. The mobile app and the AI connector return orphaned wells with the Energy pack alone. The Federal Land pack also carries orphaned wells as one of its screening layers; see the ",[265,1129,1131],{"href":1130},"\u002Fguides\u002Ffederal-land-environmental-screen","environmental screen guide",[10,1133,1134],{},"When you hold Energy and Federal Land, the Combined Parcel Report PDF can call out an orphaned well that falls inside mapped critical habitat on the cover page.",[288,1136,1138],{"id":1137},"how-to-read-it","How to read it",[10,1140,1141],{},"An orphaned well on or near a tract is a question to answer, not a verdict:",[43,1143,1144,1150,1156],{},[46,1145,1146,1149],{},[21,1147,1148],{},"Status at the time of the inventory."," A well may have been plugged under a state program after the record was compiled. Check the state regulator's file for the current status.",[46,1151,1152,1155],{},[21,1153,1154],{},"Operator of record."," The operator named is the last one on file, which is often a company that no longer exists.",[46,1157,1158,1161],{},[21,1159,1160],{},"Location as recorded."," Older wells can carry approximate coordinates. A well just outside the section line may in fact sit inside it, or the reverse.",[10,1163,1164,1165,1169],{},"See the ",[265,1166,1168],{"href":1167},"\u002Fenergy\u002Flayers\u002Fusgs-orphaned-wells","orphaned wells layer page"," for coverage by state.",[14,1171,1055],{"id":1172},"fracfocus-disclosures",[288,1174,1065],{"id":1175},"what-it-is-1",[10,1177,1178,1179,223],{},"FracFocus is the national registry where operators disclose the chemicals and water used in hydraulic fracturing jobs. Township America maps the disclosures as points at the well. Whenever the layer is on, the map shows the credit ",[21,1180,1181],{},"Data: FracFocus.org",[288,1183,746],{"id":1184},"on-the-map-1",[10,1186,857,1187,1189,1190,1193,1194,1197],{},[21,1188,545],{},", turn on ",[21,1191,1192],{},"FracFocus Disclosures",". Point size follows job size, from small to mega. Click a disclosure for its popup: well name, operator, API number, state, county, job start and end dates, total water in gallons, job number and, where available, a ",[21,1195,1196],{},"View disclosure"," link to the FracFocus record.",[288,1199,1090],{"id":1200},"in-search-1",[10,1202,232,1203,1095,1205,1098,1207,434,1209,1105,1211,223],{},[21,1204,1055],{},[21,1206,562],{},[21,1208,1101],{},[21,1210,1104],{},[21,1212,1108],{},[288,1214,1113],{"id":1215},"on-the-parcel-report-1",[10,1217,467,1218,1221],{},[21,1219,1220],{},"FracFocus disclosures · 1 mi buffer"," card on the Energy tab lists disclosures within one mile of the center of the section, newest job first. Each row shows the well, operator, job start date, total water in gallons and the distance in miles. The first six show, with a count of the rest.",[10,1223,1224,1225,1229],{},"Read it as completion activity: which wells nearby were fractured recently, by whom, and how water-intensive the jobs were. The ",[265,1226,1228],{"href":1227},"\u002Fenergy\u002Flayers\u002Ffracfocus-disclosures","FracFocus layer page"," describes the dataset in more detail.",[14,1231,215],{"id":214},[10,1233,1234],{},"A buyer is looking at grazing land in Section 9, Township 25 North, Range 1 East, Indian Meridian, in Kay County, Oklahoma, in an area with a long drilling history.",[225,1236,1237,1246,1252,1258,1263],{},[46,1238,898,1239,902,1242,905,1244,223],{},[220,1240,1241],{},"9 25N 1E Indian Meridian",[21,1243,632],{},[21,1245,394],{},[46,1247,1248,1249,1251],{},"The flag row and the ",[21,1250,1075],{}," card show whether USGS lists an orphaned well in the section. The buyer notes each API number.",[46,1253,1254,1255,1257],{},"On the map, the buyer turns on ",[21,1256,1071],{}," to see any just outside the section line.",[46,1259,1260,1262],{},[21,1261,1220],{}," shows whether there has been recent completion work nearby.",[46,1264,1265],{},"Each orphaned well's API number goes to the Oklahoma Corporation Commission for its current status and any plugging record.",[10,1267,1268],{},"The buyer now has a short list of wells to raise with the seller and the state before closing.",[14,1270,279],{"id":278},[43,1272,1273,1279,1285,1291],{},[46,1274,1275,1278],{},[21,1276,1277],{},"Documented wells only."," The USGS inventory lists wells a state has documented as orphaned. Undocumented wells are, by definition, not in it.",[46,1280,1281,1284],{},[21,1282,1283],{},"FracFocus is self-reported."," Operators file the disclosures, and older jobs may be missing. Check the FracFocus record for the full chemical list.",[46,1286,1287,1290],{},[21,1288,1289],{},"Buffer is from the section center."," The one-mile FracFocus search measures from the center of the section, so a large or irregular section can leave edge wells outside it.",[46,1292,1293,1296],{},[21,1294,1295],{},"Not an environmental assessment."," These layers screen for questions to ask. They are not a Phase 1 ESA, a plugging liability estimate or a survey.",[14,1298,672],{"id":671},[288,1300,1302],{"id":1301},"does-an-orphaned-well-on-my-tract-mean-i-am-liable-for-it","Does an orphaned well on my tract mean I am liable for it?",[10,1304,1305],{},"Not by itself. Plugging responsibility is set by state law and the facts of the well. Use the record to ask the state regulator and your attorney.",[288,1307,1309],{"id":1308},"why-does-a-well-show-in-fracfocus-but-not-in-the-state-well-list","Why does a well show in FracFocus but not in the state well list?",[10,1311,1312],{},"FracFocus is a separate registry with its own coverage. The state well lists cover Colorado, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Wyoming and New Mexico, while FracFocus is national.",[288,1314,1316],{"id":1315},"can-i-see-the-chemicals-used-in-a-frac-job","Can I see the chemicals used in a frac job?",[10,1318,1319,1320,1322],{},"Follow the ",[21,1321,1196],{}," link in the popup, when present, to the full record on FracFocus.",[288,1324,1326],{"id":1325},"is-the-orphaned-wells-layer-the-same-in-the-energy-and-federal-land-packs","Is the orphaned wells layer the same in the Energy and Federal Land packs?",[10,1328,1329],{},"Both read the same USGS inventory. Energy adds the map layer and search source; Federal Land includes it in the section screen.",{"title":329,"searchDepth":330,"depth":330,"links":1331},[1332,1339,1345,1346,1347],{"id":1061,"depth":330,"text":1051,"children":1333},[1334,1335,1336,1337,1338],{"id":1064,"depth":344,"text":1065},{"id":745,"depth":344,"text":746},{"id":1089,"depth":344,"text":1090},{"id":1112,"depth":344,"text":1113},{"id":1137,"depth":344,"text":1138},{"id":1172,"depth":330,"text":1055,"children":1340},[1341,1342,1343,1344],{"id":1175,"depth":344,"text":1065},{"id":1184,"depth":344,"text":746},{"id":1200,"depth":344,"text":1090},{"id":1215,"depth":344,"text":1113},{"id":214,"depth":330,"text":215},{"id":278,"depth":330,"text":279},{"id":671,"depth":330,"text":672,"children":1348},[1349,1350,1351,1352],{"id":1301,"depth":344,"text":1302},{"id":1308,"depth":344,"text":1309},{"id":1315,"depth":344,"text":1316},{"id":1325,"depth":344,"text":1326},"Screen a PLSS tract for USGS documented orphaned wells and check nearby FracFocus hydraulic fracturing disclosures with the Township America Energy pack, on the map, in search and on the parcel report.","i-lucide-alert-octagon",{},6,"\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-orphaned-wells-and-fracfocus",{"title":1043,"description":1353},"guides\u002Fenergy-orphaned-wells-and-fracfocus","64QzSoJSzTnUz6WSut6MaWcr6_mfF-3JnFIZRbD9SRE"]