[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guide-federal-land-blm-records":3,"related-federal-land-blm-records":393},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":382,"description":383,"extension":384,"icon":385,"meta":386,"navigation":387,"order":388,"path":389,"seo":390,"stem":391,"__hash__":392},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Ffederal-land-blm-records.md","BLM Records in the Federal Land Pack: Surface, Leases, Claims, Rights-of-Way, Access",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":359},"minimark",[9,13,18,122,125,129,182,185,189,193,202,206,209,212,215,218,221,224,227,231,234,237,248,251,262,265,269,276,316,320,323,327,331,334,338,345,349,352,356],[10,11,12],"p",{},"In much of the West, the land next to a private tract is federal, and the federal record decides a lot about that tract. A BLM right-of-way may already carry the road you plan to use. A block of unpatented mining claims may sit on the section you want to lease. A checkerboard of BLM and private ground may leave a parcel with no public route in. The Federal Land pack reads six BLM datasets against your PLSS description and lists what overlaps it.",[14,15,17],"h2",{"id":16},"the-six-blm-layers","The six BLM layers",[19,20,21,40],"table",{},[22,23,24],"thead",{},[25,26,27,31,34,37],"tr",{},[28,29,30],"th",{},"Layer",[28,32,33],{},"Source",[28,35,36],{},"What each record shows",[28,38,39],{},"Filter",[41,42,43,58,72,83,95,108],"tbody",{},[25,44,45,49,52,55],{},[46,47,48],"td",{},"Surface management",[46,50,51],{},"BLM",[46,53,54],{},"Managing agency and administrative unit",[46,56,57],{},"All overlapping surface",[25,59,60,63,66,69],{},[46,61,62],{},"Oil and gas leases",[46,64,65],{},"BLM MLRS",[46,67,68],{},"Serial number, lessee, status, expiration date",[46,70,71],{},"Closed and terminated excluded",[25,73,74,77,79,81],{},[46,75,76],{},"Geothermal leases",[46,78,65],{},[46,80,68],{},[46,82,71],{},[25,84,85,88,90,93],{},[46,86,87],{},"Rights-of-way",[46,89,65],{},[46,91,92],{},"Serial number, use type, holder, status",[46,94,71],{},[25,96,97,100,102,105],{},[46,98,99],{},"Mining claims",[46,101,65],{},[46,103,104],{},"Case ID, case type, claimant, status",[46,106,107],{},"Closed claims excluded",[25,109,110,113,116,119],{},[46,111,112],{},"Public access (PLAD)",[46,114,115],{},"BLM PLAD",[46,117,118],{},"Access class, access method, acres, admin unit",[46,120,121],{},"All overlapping records",[10,123,124],{},"MLRS is the BLM Mineral and Land Records System, the source of the lease, right-of-way and claim records. PLAD is BLM's public land access dataset.",[14,126,128],{"id":127},"where-to-find-the-records","Where to find the records",[130,131,132,156,165,176],"ul",{},[133,134,135,139,140,143,144,147,148,151,152,155],"li",{},[136,137,138],"strong",{},"Map, Pro plan:"," the ",[136,141,142],{},"Federal Land (SMA)"," and ",[136,145,146],{},"BLM Mining Claims"," overlays in the ",[136,149,150],{},"Built-in"," group of the ",[136,153,154],{},"Layers"," panel. Surface is colored by agency, claims by case type (lode, placer, mill site, tunnel site). Click a polygon for its details. These two overlays do not need the pack.",[133,157,158,139,161,164],{},[136,159,160],{},"Parcel report, Land tab:",[136,162,163],{},"BLM surface and public access"," card shows the surface agency, administrative unit and PLAD entries for the tract.",[133,166,167,175],{},[136,168,169,170,174],{},"Land Report workbench (",[171,172,173],"code",{},"\u002Fapp\u002Freport","):"," every BLM record on the tract, layer by layer, including the full lease, right-of-way and mining claim lists. This is the place to read and copy serial and case numbers.",[133,177,178,181],{},[136,179,180],{},"PDF:"," if you also hold the Energy pack, the parcel PDF prints the federal lease and right-of-way tables and the mining claim count alongside the well data.",[10,183,184],{},"Leases, rights-of-way and PLAD are report-only in this pack. They have no Federal Land map overlay.",[14,186,188],{"id":187},"reading-each-layer","Reading each layer",[190,191,48],"h3",{"id":192},"surface-management",[10,194,195,196,201],{},"The surface agency is the first thing to check. Values include BLM, U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Reclamation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of Defense, state, local government and private. A section can list more than one agency. Surface management tells you who manages the surface, not who owns the minerals. Split estate (private surface over federal minerals) is an Energy pack question; see the ",[197,198,200],"a",{"href":199},"\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-pack","Energy pack guide",".",[190,203,205],{"id":204},"oil-and-gas-and-geothermal-leases","Oil and gas and geothermal leases",[10,207,208],{},"Each row is a federal lease that intersects the section and is not closed or terminated. Use the serial number to pull the case record from BLM. The lessee is the lessee of record in MLRS, which may not be the current operator. The expiration date is the date in the record. A lease held by production can run past its primary term, so check the status before reading the date as an end date.",[190,210,87],{"id":211},"rights-of-way",[10,213,214],{},"Rights-of-way are grants to cross or occupy federal land: roads, power lines, pipelines, communication sites. The use type and holder tell you what is on the ground and who to call. For a developer, an existing right-of-way on the tract is either a route you can coordinate with or a corridor you have to avoid.",[190,216,99],{"id":217},"mining-claims",[10,219,220],{},"Each row is an unpatented claim that intersects the section, with the case ID, case type, claimant and status. Claims are located on federal land open to mineral entry, so most of them sit on BLM and Forest Service ground. A claim gives the claimant the right to explore and mine locatable minerals. It does not by itself grant surface ownership, but it is a property interest you have to account for in any lease, sale or right-of-way application.",[190,222,112],{"id":223},"public-access-plad",[10,225,226],{},"PLAD records describe documented public access to BLM-managed land: an access class, an access method (for example a public road), acres and the BLM office. \"None\" means no PLAD record intersects the tract.",[14,228,230],{"id":229},"landlocked-parcels-what-this-can-and-cannot-show","Landlocked parcels: what this can and cannot show",[10,232,233],{},"A parcel is landlocked when it has no legal access to a public road. In checkerboard country the question often turns on the federal ground next door.",[10,235,236],{},"What the report gives you:",[130,238,239,242,245],{},[133,240,241],{},"Whether the tract or its section touches BLM or other federal surface.",[133,243,244],{},"Whether PLAD documents public access to that federal ground.",[133,246,247],{},"Existing BLM rights-of-way across the section, which can point to a road grant already in place.",[10,249,250],{},"What it cannot give you:",[130,252,253,256,259],{},[133,254,255],{},"Recorded private easements across neighboring deeded land. Those live in county records and the title chain.",[133,257,258],{},"Physical road condition or whether a two-track is open.",[133,260,261],{},"A legal opinion on access. That belongs to a title examiner or attorney.",[10,263,264],{},"Treat a \"None\" in PLAD as a question for the title work, not an answer.",[14,266,268],{"id":267},"worked-example","Worked example",[10,270,271,272,275],{},"A landman is reviewing ",[171,273,274],{},"16 33N 51E Mount Diablo Meridian",", a section in Eureka County, Nevada.",[277,278,279,287,294,300,303],"ol",{},[133,280,281,282,143,284,286],{},"On the map, turn on ",[136,283,142],{},[136,285,146],{},". You see the surface agency pattern around the section and whether claims cover it, before running a report.",[133,288,289,290,293],{},"Open the parcel report and the ",[136,291,292],{},"Land"," tab. Note the surface agency and administrative unit, and whether PLAD lists access.",[133,295,296,297,299],{},"Open ",[171,298,173],{}," with the same description. Copy the case ID of each mining claim and the serial number of each lease and right-of-way.",[133,301,302],{},"Pull the case records from BLM MLRS with those numbers to confirm status, claimant and acreage before you rely on them.",[133,304,305,306,310,311,315],{},"Compare with neighboring sections. The ",[197,307,309],{"href":308},"\u002Fland\u002Fcounties","Federal Land counties hub"," lists counties with active BLM mining claims or federal oil and gas leases, and the ",[197,312,314],{"href":313},"\u002Fland\u002Fstates","states hub"," has statewide counts.",[14,317,319],{"id":318},"limits","Limits",[10,321,322],{},"These are official BLM public records as loaded, not a title search, a survey or a mineral title opinion. MLRS status can lag the case file. A claim or lease that intersects the section may cover only part of it. The report lists the record, not the share of the tract it covers. Before a closing or a lease filing, confirm each record with BLM.",[14,324,326],{"id":325},"faq","FAQ",[190,328,330],{"id":329},"why-does-a-lease-show-on-my-section-when-the-lease-covers-the-next-section-over","Why does a lease show on my section when the lease covers the next section over?",[10,332,333],{},"The lease polygon intersects your section somewhere, often along a shared line. Check the legal description in the BLM case record to see which lands it actually includes.",[190,335,337],{"id":336},"do-i-need-the-pack-to-see-mining-claims","Do I need the pack to see mining claims?",[10,339,340,341,201],{},"Not on the map. BLM Mining Claims is a Pro overlay. The pack adds the claim list for the tract, with case IDs and claimants, in the report. See the ",[197,342,344],{"href":343},"\u002Fguides\u002Ffederal-land-pack","Federal Land pack overview",[190,346,348],{"id":347},"are-closed-or-expired-records-shown","Are closed or expired records shown?",[10,350,351],{},"Leases and rights-of-way marked closed or terminated, and claims marked closed, are left out. Other statuses are listed as recorded.",[190,353,355],{"id":354},"does-plad-tell-me-a-parcel-is-landlocked","Does PLAD tell me a parcel is landlocked?",[10,357,358],{},"No. PLAD only covers documented access to BLM land. A private parcel can have access through a recorded easement PLAD knows nothing about, or lack it even next to a public road. Title work answers that question.",{"title":360,"searchDepth":361,"depth":361,"links":362},"",2,[363,364,365,373,374,375,376],{"id":16,"depth":361,"text":17},{"id":127,"depth":361,"text":128},{"id":187,"depth":361,"text":188,"children":366},[367,369,370,371,372],{"id":192,"depth":368,"text":48},3,{"id":204,"depth":368,"text":205},{"id":211,"depth":368,"text":87},{"id":217,"depth":368,"text":99},{"id":223,"depth":368,"text":112},{"id":229,"depth":361,"text":230},{"id":267,"depth":361,"text":268},{"id":318,"depth":361,"text":319},{"id":325,"depth":361,"text":326,"children":377},[378,379,380,381],{"id":329,"depth":368,"text":330},{"id":336,"depth":368,"text":337},{"id":347,"depth":368,"text":348},{"id":354,"depth":368,"text":355},"data-packs","How to read BLM surface management, mining claims, oil and gas and geothermal leases, rights-of-way and PLAD public access in a Federal Land parcel report, including what it can tell you about landlocked parcels.","md","i-lucide-landmark",{},true,10,"\u002Fguides\u002Ffederal-land-blm-records",{"title":5,"description":383},"guides\u002Ffederal-land-blm-records","GM3wKU-i4aEklWbPOI4qBVSUmFw9Nnv2hcoI9cNBUTA",[394,766,1074],{"id":395,"title":396,"body":397,"category":382,"description":758,"extension":384,"icon":759,"meta":760,"navigation":387,"order":761,"path":762,"seo":763,"stem":764,"__hash__":765},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Fdata-packs.md","Data Packs: Energy, Federal Land and Texas Add-ons",{"type":7,"value":398,"toc":742},[399,402,406,462,476,480,494,498,501,508,516,520,523,526,529,533,539,547,551,648,650,653,691,694,698,701,704,708,712,715,719,722,726,735,739],[10,400,401],{},"A PLSS lookup tells you where a tract is. A data pack tells you which official public records sit on it: the wells, the federal leases, the flood zone, the Texas state lease. Township America sells that layer of records as three add-ons, called data packs, that stack on top of a Pro or Business plan.",[14,403,405],{"id":404},"the-three-packs","The three packs",[19,407,408,421],{},[22,409,410],{},[25,411,412,415,418],{},[28,413,414],{},"Pack",[28,416,417],{},"What it adds",[28,419,420],{},"Built for",[41,422,423,436,449],{},[25,424,425,430,433],{},[46,426,427],{},[136,428,429],{},"Energy",[46,431,432],{},"State well registers for Colorado, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Wyoming and New Mexico, BLM federal oil and gas leases, ONRR county royalty totals, federal subsurface minerals (split estate), HIFLD pipelines, FracFocus disclosures, USGS orphaned wells, sage-grouse habitat, the BLM Western Solar Plan, USGS wind turbines, NREL Land of Opportunity and nearest rail lines",[46,434,435],{},"Landmen, mineral buyers, energy developers",[25,437,438,443,446],{},[46,439,440],{},[136,441,442],{},"Federal Land",[46,444,445],{},"A 15-layer pre-screen for a PLSS section: BLM surface management, oil and gas, geothermal and right-of-way records, mining claims, public access, FEMA flood zones, USFWS wetlands and critical habitat, USFS wildfire risk, NRCS soils, USDA crop history, USGS orphaned wells, USGS elevation, plus nearby parks and protected areas",[46,447,448],{},"Appraisers, ag lenders, land buyers, environmental screening",[25,450,451,456,459],{},[46,452,453],{},[136,454,455],{},"Texas",[46,457,458],{},"Data layers on top of the free Texas Abstract\u002FBlock\u002FSurvey grid: GLO oil and gas leases and pooled units, PSF and state-agency lands, upland and coastal leases, RRC wells, drilling permits, pipelines and production, UIC disposal wells, coastal erosion and flood hazard",[46,460,461],{},"Texas landmen, ranch buyers, GLO analysts",[10,463,464,465,468,469,143,472,201],{},"Each pack has its own guide: ",[197,466,467],{"href":199},"Energy pack",", ",[197,470,471],{"href":343},"Federal Land pack",[197,473,475],{"href":474},"\u002Fguides\u002Ftexas-pack","Texas pack",[14,477,479],{"id":478},"who-can-add-a-pack","Who can add a pack",[10,481,482,483,143,486,489,490,201],{},"Packs are add-ons for the ",[136,484,485],{},"Pro",[136,487,488],{},"Business"," plans. Starter accounts need to move to Pro first. Enterprise accounts get packs through their agreement. Current prices for each pack and the All Packs bundle are on the ",[197,491,493],{"href":492},"\u002Fpricing","pricing page",[14,495,497],{"id":496},"stacking-and-the-all-packs-bundle","Stacking and the All Packs bundle",[10,499,500],{},"Hold any combination: Energy alone, Federal Land and Texas, or all three. Each pack is billed alongside your plan, and you can add or cancel one without touching the others.",[10,502,503,504,507],{},"The ",[136,505,506],{},"All Packs"," bundle gives you every pack in one subscription. Two things change when you hold every pack, whether through the bundle or as three single packs:",[130,509,510,513],{},[133,511,512],{},"Your parcel reports count against one combined monthly allowance instead of one allowance per pack.",[133,514,515],{},"The Combined Parcel Report PDF can print a page for each pack on the same parcel.",[14,517,519],{"id":518},"the-7-day-trial","The 7-day trial",[10,521,522],{},"Pro and Business accounts can try the packs for seven days. At checkout, every pack is selected by default and you uncheck the ones you do not want. The trial costs $0 and it is not a card trial: nothing is charged when it ends unless you confirm.",[10,524,525],{},"When the seven days are up, a dialog lists the packs you tried. Pick monthly or annual billing and confirm the packs to keep, or end the trial. If you do nothing, access stops and nothing is charged. On a Business team the trial covers the organization, and only the owner can confirm a paid subscription. Each account or organization gets one trial.",[10,527,528],{},"Trial packs behave exactly like paid packs, with the same layers, report tabs and allowance meter.",[14,530,532],{"id":531},"the-monthly-parcel-report-allowance","The monthly parcel-report allowance",[10,534,535,536,538],{},"Each pack includes a monthly allowance of parcel reports. The allowance for your plan is on the ",[197,537,493],{"href":492},", and your usage this month is on the Account page. Some older subscriptions carry different allowances; the Account page always shows yours.",[10,540,541,542,546],{},"One report is one parcel (a PLSS section or a Texas abstract), for one pack, in one calendar month. Reopening that parcel, printing its PDF or opening it on mobile does not count again. Map layers, searches and the free layer counts never count. Allowances reset on the first of the month (UTC), with no overage charges. ",[197,543,545],{"href":544},"\u002Fguides\u002Fparcel-reports","Parcel reports"," covers the rules in detail.",[14,548,550],{"id":549},"where-each-pack-shows-up","Where each pack shows up",[19,552,553,563],{},[22,554,555],{},[25,556,557,560],{},[28,558,559],{},"Surface",[28,561,562],{},"What you get",[41,564,565,586,600,618,628,638],{},[25,566,567,572],{},[46,568,569],{},[136,570,571],{},"Map layers",[46,573,574,575,143,579,582,583,585],{},"Energy adds the ",[576,577,578],"em",{},"Producing states",[576,580,581],{},"Federal & cross-state"," groups in the Layers panel. Texas adds the ",[576,584,455],{}," group. Federal Land is report-first: its BLM surface management and mining claims layers are built into Pro.",[25,587,588,593],{},[46,589,590],{},[136,591,592],{},"Search",[46,594,595,596,599],{},"Pack datasets (wells, pipelines, orphaned wells, Texas leases and more) become search sources. They are off by default: turn them on under ",[136,597,598],{},"Search settings",". They run when you submit a search, not as you type.",[25,601,602,607],{},[46,603,604],{},[136,605,606],{},"Parcel report",[46,608,609,610,468,612,614,615,617],{},"The sidebar report has an ",[136,611,429],{},[136,613,292],{}," and, for Texas parcels, ",[136,616,455],{}," tab. A tab for a pack you do not hold shows what that pack adds.",[25,619,620,625],{},[46,621,622],{},[136,623,624],{},"PDF",[46,626,627],{},"The Combined Parcel Report PDF prints a cover page plus a page for each pack you hold.",[25,629,630,635],{},[46,631,632],{},[136,633,634],{},"Mobile",[46,636,637],{},"The iOS and Android apps sign in with your account and show a parcel report tab for each pack you hold.",[25,639,640,645],{},[46,641,642],{},[136,643,644],{},"AI connector",[46,646,647],{},"On Pro and up, ChatGPT and Claude can request a parcel report for a pack you hold, counted against the same allowance.",[14,649,268],{"id":267},[10,651,652],{},"A landman is checking Section 14, Township 5 North, Range 65 West, Sixth Principal Meridian, in Weld County, Colorado.",[277,654,655,662,673,679,685],{},[133,656,657,658,661],{},"Type ",[171,659,660],{},"14 5N 65W 6th Meridian"," in the search box and press Enter.",[133,663,664,665,668,669,672],{},"Click ",[136,666,667],{},"Report"," on the result. The parcel report opens beside the map on the ",[136,670,671],{},"Overview"," tab, with the county, state and acreage.",[133,674,675,676,678],{},"With the Energy pack, the ",[136,677,429],{}," tab lists Colorado wells in and around the section and the operators drilling within a mile.",[133,680,681,682,684],{},"With Federal Land as well, the ",[136,683,292],{}," tab adds flood zones, wetlands, soils and wildfire risk for the same section.",[133,686,687,688,201],{},"The footer button now reads ",[136,689,690],{},"Combined Report PDF",[10,692,693],{},"That session counts one Energy report and one Federal Land report for the month. An All Packs holder counts one report against the combined allowance.",[14,695,697],{"id":696},"what-the-data-is-and-is-not","What the data is, and is not",[10,699,700],{},"Every layer is an official public record from BLM, USGS, ONRR, FEMA, USFWS, USFS, NRCS, USDA, the state oil and gas commissions, the Texas General Land Office or the Railroad Commission of Texas. Township America joins those records to the PLSS grid and the Texas abstract grid and shows them as published.",[10,702,703],{},"That makes a pack a fast first look, not a final answer. It is not a survey, a title opinion or a Phase 1 environmental site assessment, and agency records lag the ground. Confirm anything a decision depends on with the publishing agency.",[14,705,707],{"id":706},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently Asked Questions",[190,709,711],{"id":710},"can-i-add-a-data-pack-to-a-starter-plan","Can I add a data pack to a Starter plan?",[10,713,714],{},"No. Packs need a Pro or Business plan. Upgrade to Pro first, then add the packs you need.",[190,716,718],{"id":717},"will-the-trial-charge-my-card-when-it-ends","Will the trial charge my card when it ends?",[10,720,721],{},"No. The trial is free access stored on your account, not a card trial. You are charged only if you confirm a subscription in the dialog at the end.",[190,723,725],{"id":724},"do-i-need-every-pack-to-get-a-pdf","Do I need every pack to get a PDF?",[10,727,728,729,732,733,201],{},"No. The PDF prints a cover page plus one page for each pack you hold. With one pack the footer button reads ",[136,730,731],{},"Report PDF","; with two or more it reads ",[136,734,690],{},[190,736,738],{"id":737},"does-searching-or-browsing-the-map-use-my-report-allowance","Does searching or browsing the map use my report allowance?",[10,740,741],{},"No. Only opening a full parcel report counts, once per parcel per pack per month. Map layers, search results and the free layer counts are never metered.",{"title":360,"searchDepth":361,"depth":361,"links":743},[744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752],{"id":404,"depth":361,"text":405},{"id":478,"depth":361,"text":479},{"id":496,"depth":361,"text":497},{"id":518,"depth":361,"text":519},{"id":531,"depth":361,"text":532},{"id":549,"depth":361,"text":550},{"id":267,"depth":361,"text":268},{"id":696,"depth":361,"text":697},{"id":706,"depth":361,"text":707,"children":753},[754,755,756,757],{"id":710,"depth":368,"text":711},{"id":717,"depth":368,"text":718},{"id":724,"depth":368,"text":725},{"id":737,"depth":368,"text":738},"What the Energy, Federal Land and Texas data packs add to a Pro or Business plan, how stacking, the All Packs bundle and the 7-day trial work, and where each pack shows up in Township America.","i-lucide-package",{},1,"\u002Fguides\u002Fdata-packs",{"title":396,"description":758},"guides\u002Fdata-packs","u05JCUQnCVBjy3IgTdlZPqzu8Vyodnefqzh6wdRjE6o",{"id":767,"title":768,"body":769,"category":382,"description":1066,"extension":384,"icon":1067,"meta":1068,"navigation":387,"order":1069,"path":1070,"seo":1071,"stem":1072,"__hash__":1073},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-leases-and-royalties.md","BLM Federal Leases, ONRR Royalties and Split Estate in the Energy Pack",{"type":7,"value":770,"toc":1047},[771,774,778,782,792,818,821,824,827,831,837,843,854,858,864,867,878,881,885,889,898,901,905,914,917,923,925,928,964,971,973,1011,1017,1019,1023,1026,1030,1033,1037,1040,1044],[10,772,773],{},"On federal-land tracts, three questions come before anything else: is there a federal lease on this ground, does the federal government own the minerals, and what has the county paid in federal royalty? The Energy pack answers each from the agency that keeps the record: BLM for leases and mineral ownership, the Office of Natural Resources Revenue (ONRR) for royalties.",[14,775,777],{"id":776},"blm-federal-oil-and-gas-leases","BLM federal oil and gas leases",[190,779,781],{"id":780},"on-the-map","On the map",[10,783,784,785,787,788,791],{},"In the Layers panel, expand ",[136,786,581],{}," and turn on ",[136,789,790],{},"Federal O&G Leases",". Lease polygons come from BLM's Mineral & Land Records System (MLRS) and are colored by status:",[130,793,794,800,806,812],{},[133,795,796,799],{},[136,797,798],{},"Authorized",": an issued lease in effect",[133,801,802,805],{},[136,803,804],{},"Pending",": an application or offer not yet issued",[133,807,808,811],{},[136,809,810],{},"Interim",": BLM's interim status",[133,813,814,817],{},[136,815,816],{},"Closed",": expired, relinquished or terminated",[10,819,820],{},"Closed leases make up most of the MLRS record, so they draw in muted gray and the live leases stand out against them.",[10,822,823],{},"Click a lease for its popup: serial number, legal location, status, effective and expiration dates, acres and county. The copy button copies the lease's legal location in Township America's search format, so you can paste it straight back into search. Where MLRS has no legal location (Texas and the non-PLSS eastern states), it copies the serial number instead.",[10,825,826],{},"MLRS does not publish the lessee on this layer, so the popup shows the serial number without a holder name. Use the serial to pull the case file from BLM.",[190,828,830],{"id":829},"on-the-energy-tab","On the Energy tab",[10,832,503,833,836],{},[136,834,835],{},"BLM federal leases"," card lists the oil and gas leases that intersect the section, with serial, status and expiration, plus any geothermal leases. Click the chevron on a lease to open its lease record: holder (when published), status, type or commodity, acreage, effective and expiration dates.",[838,839,840],"note",{},[10,841,842],{},"On the web, this card reads from the Federal Land report for PLSS sections, so it fills in when you also hold Federal Land or All Packs. The mobile app and the AI connector return BLM leases with the Energy pack alone.",[10,844,503,845,849,850,853],{},[197,846,848],{"href":847},"\u002Fenergy\u002Fleases","federal lease directory"," has a page for many of the largest BLM leases, and the Federal Land pack's ",[197,851,852],{"href":389},"BLM records guide"," covers rights-of-way, geothermal leases and mining claims on the same section.",[14,855,857],{"id":856},"onrr-federal-royalties","ONRR federal royalties",[10,859,503,860,863],{},[136,861,862],{},"Federal mineral royalties"," card shows the federal royalty ONRR reports for the county the section sits in, over the last ten years, as a total and broken out by commodity.",[10,865,866],{},"Read it as county context:",[130,868,869,872,875],{},[133,870,871],{},"Every section in the same county shows the same figures.",[133,873,874],{},"ONRR does not publish royalty for individual leases, so there is no parcel-level royalty figure to show.",[133,876,877],{},"A county with no federal royalty in the period shows a short note instead of a table.",[10,879,880],{},"It is useful for sizing how active federal production is in a county. It is not a royalty statement for any lease, and it does not tell you what a given tract earned.",[14,882,884],{"id":883},"federal-subsurface-minerals-and-split-estate","Federal subsurface minerals and split estate",[190,886,888],{"id":887},"the-federal-subsurface-minerals-layer","The Federal Subsurface Minerals layer",[10,890,891,892,468,894,897],{},"Under ",[136,893,581],{},[136,895,896],{},"Federal Subsurface Minerals"," draws BLM's mapped units of federally owned minerals, in the states where BLM has mapped them. Click a unit for its mineral ownership, surface ownership, source dataset and acres.",[10,899,900],{},"This is the layer to check when the surface is private but the minerals may have been reserved to the United States at patent, a common pattern on stock-raising homesteads in the West.",[190,902,904],{"id":903},"the-split-estate-card","The Split-estate card",[10,906,503,907,910,911,201],{},[136,908,909],{},"Split-estate"," card on the Energy tab compares two mapped datasets for the section: BLM's federal subsurface minerals and BLM's surface management agency layer. If one shows federal ownership over a meaningful share of the section and the other does not, the card reports a split estate. Otherwise it says ",[136,912,913],{},"Not detected",[10,915,916],{},"The flag is derived by Township America from those two layers. Treat it as a prompt to pull the patent and the BLM case record, not as a finding. A \"not detected\" result on ground BLM has not mapped tells you nothing about the minerals.",[10,918,503,919,922],{},[136,920,921],{},"Surface & access"," card nearby shows the surface management agency and any BLM public-access records for the section. Like the lease card, it reads from the Federal Land report on the web.",[14,924,268],{"id":267},[10,926,927],{},"A landman is evaluating Section 22, Township 19 North, Range 104 West, Sixth Principal Meridian, in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, in the checkerboard country around Rock Springs where federal and private sections alternate.",[277,929,930,942,947,952,959],{},[133,931,932,933,936,937,939,940,201],{},"Search ",[171,934,935],{},"22 19N 104W 6th Meridian"," and click ",[136,938,667],{},". Open ",[136,941,429],{},[133,943,944,946],{},[136,945,835],{}," lists any federal oil and gas leases on the section. An authorized lease means the federal minerals are already leased; note the serial and expiration date.",[133,948,949,951],{},[136,950,909],{}," shows whether the surface and mineral records disagree.",[133,953,281,954,143,956,958],{},[136,955,896],{},[136,957,790],{}," together to see how the section sits against its neighbors.",[133,960,961,963],{},[136,962,862],{}," gives Sweetwater County's federal royalty by commodity, as context for how much federal production the county carries.",[10,965,966,967,201],{},"Each serial number then goes to BLM MLRS for the case file, and the patent goes to the county clerk. For the state-level picture first, start from the ",[197,968,970],{"href":969},"\u002Fenergy\u002Fstates","Energy state pages",[14,972,319],{"id":318},[130,974,975,981,987,993,999,1005],{},[133,976,977,980],{},[136,978,979],{},"MLRS status vocabulary."," MLRS uses Authorized, Pending, Interim and Closed. It does not separate expired, relinquished or terminated leases; all three are Closed.",[133,982,983,986],{},[136,984,985],{},"No lessee on the map layer."," The serial number is the key. The holder comes from the BLM case record.",[133,988,989,992],{},[136,990,991],{},"No search source for leases."," Federal leases are not a search source yet. Find them by section on the map or the Energy tab, or browse the lease directory.",[133,994,995,998],{},[136,996,997],{},"County-level royalties only."," ONRR figures are county aggregates, not lease or parcel revenue.",[133,1000,1001,1004],{},[136,1002,1003],{},"Mapped minerals only."," Federal subsurface data covers the states BLM has mapped. Absence on the map is not proof of private minerals.",[133,1006,1007,1010],{},[136,1008,1009],{},"Not a title opinion."," These are public records. Mineral ownership and lease rights are settled by title examination, not by a map layer.",[10,1012,1013,1014,201],{},"For how these records fit into a full report and PDF, see ",[197,1015,1016],{"href":544},"parcel reports",[14,1018,707],{"id":706},[190,1020,1022],{"id":1021},"why-does-the-lease-popup-have-no-lessee-name","Why does the lease popup have no lessee name?",[10,1024,1025],{},"BLM's MLRS lease layer does not publish the lessee. Look up the serial number in MLRS to see the case record and its parties.",[190,1027,1029],{"id":1028},"can-i-see-royalties-for-one-lease","Can I see royalties for one lease?",[10,1031,1032],{},"Not from ONRR's public data. ONRR publishes royalty by state, county and commodity, so the Energy tab shows the county figure.",[190,1034,1036],{"id":1035},"does-a-split-estate-flag-mean-the-minerals-are-federal","Does a split-estate flag mean the minerals are federal?",[10,1038,1039],{},"It means the mapped surface and mineral layers disagree for that section. Confirm with the land patent and the BLM record before you rely on it.",[190,1041,1043],{"id":1042},"why-are-most-leases-on-the-map-gray","Why are most leases on the map gray?",[10,1045,1046],{},"Gray is Closed. Most MLRS lease records are historical, so closed leases form the background and authorized, pending and interim leases show in color.",{"title":360,"searchDepth":361,"depth":361,"links":1048},[1049,1053,1054,1058,1059,1060],{"id":776,"depth":361,"text":777,"children":1050},[1051,1052],{"id":780,"depth":368,"text":781},{"id":829,"depth":368,"text":830},{"id":856,"depth":361,"text":857},{"id":883,"depth":361,"text":884,"children":1055},[1056,1057],{"id":887,"depth":368,"text":888},{"id":903,"depth":368,"text":904},{"id":267,"depth":361,"text":268},{"id":318,"depth":361,"text":319},{"id":706,"depth":361,"text":707,"children":1061},[1062,1063,1064,1065],{"id":1021,"depth":368,"text":1022},{"id":1028,"depth":368,"text":1029},{"id":1035,"depth":368,"text":1036},{"id":1042,"depth":368,"text":1043},"Read BLM federal oil and gas leases, ONRR county royalty totals and federal subsurface minerals for a PLSS section in Township America, and check for a split estate before you lease or buy.","i-lucide-scroll",{},5,"\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-leases-and-royalties",{"title":768,"description":1066},"guides\u002Fenergy-leases-and-royalties","PRNuG32BwD5Kh-PtoiWpKq--3yXycDwEKFjE0xD_uQk",{"id":1075,"title":1076,"body":1077,"category":382,"description":1387,"extension":384,"icon":1388,"meta":1389,"navigation":387,"order":1390,"path":1391,"seo":1392,"stem":1393,"__hash__":1394},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-orphaned-wells-and-fracfocus.md","Orphaned Wells and FracFocus Disclosures in the Energy Pack",{"type":7,"value":1078,"toc":1364},[1079,1092,1095,1099,1110,1112,1120,1124,1144,1148,1157,1166,1169,1173,1176,1196,1204,1207,1210,1216,1219,1232,1235,1247,1250,1256,1264,1266,1269,1300,1303,1305,1331,1333,1337,1340,1344,1347,1351,1357,1361],[10,1080,1081,1082,1085,1086,1089,1090,201],{},"Two Energy layers tell you about wells that may leave a mark on a tract after the drilling is done. ",[136,1083,1084],{},"USGS orphaned wells"," flags unplugged wells with no responsible operator, the kind of liability a buyer or lender wants to know about before closing. ",[136,1087,1088],{},"FracFocus disclosures"," shows where and when wells nearby were hydraulically fractured, and how much water each job used. Both are part of the ",[197,1091,467],{"href":199},[14,1093,1084],{"id":1094},"usgs-orphaned-wells",[190,1096,1098],{"id":1097},"what-it-is","What it is",[10,1100,1101,1102,1105,1106,1109],{},"The USGS inventory of documented orphaned oil and gas wells, compiled from state records across the country. In the app it appears as ",[136,1103,1104],{},"Orphaned Wells"," on the map and as ",[136,1107,1108],{},"Orphaned wells (USGS DOW)"," on the parcel report.",[190,1111,781],{"id":780},[10,1113,1114,1115,787,1117,1119],{},"Open the Layers panel, expand ",[136,1116,581],{},[136,1118,1104],{},". Each well is a copper point. Click one for its popup: well name or ID, operator of record, API number, status, spud date, the year it was abandoned and the county.",[190,1121,1123],{"id":1122},"in-search","In search",[10,1125,1126,1127,1129,1130,1132,1133,468,1136,1139,1140,1143],{},"Turn on ",[136,1128,1084],{}," under ",[136,1131,598],{}," and search by ",[136,1134,1135],{},"API number",[136,1137,1138],{},"well name"," or ",[136,1141,1142],{},"operator",". This is the fastest way to check whether a well named in a lease or a deed is on the orphaned list.",[190,1145,1147],{"id":1146},"on-the-parcel-report","On the parcel report",[10,1149,503,1150,1152,1153,1156],{},[136,1151,1108],{}," card on the Energy tab lists the orphaned wells in the section, with ID, operator and status. Click the pin on a row to zoom the map to the well. The flag row at the top of the tab reads ",[136,1154,1155],{},"No orphan wells"," or gives the count.",[838,1158,1159],{},[10,1160,1161,1162,201],{},"On the web, this card reads from the Federal Land report for PLSS sections, so it fills in when you also hold Federal Land or All Packs. The mobile app and the AI connector return orphaned wells with the Energy pack alone. The Federal Land pack also carries orphaned wells as one of its screening layers; see the ",[197,1163,1165],{"href":1164},"\u002Fguides\u002Ffederal-land-environmental-screen","environmental screen guide",[10,1167,1168],{},"When you hold Energy and Federal Land, the Combined Parcel Report PDF can call out an orphaned well that falls inside mapped critical habitat on the cover page.",[190,1170,1172],{"id":1171},"how-to-read-it","How to read it",[10,1174,1175],{},"An orphaned well on or near a tract is a question to answer, not a verdict:",[130,1177,1178,1184,1190],{},[133,1179,1180,1183],{},[136,1181,1182],{},"Status at the time of the inventory."," A well may have been plugged under a state program after the record was compiled. Check the state regulator's file for the current status.",[133,1185,1186,1189],{},[136,1187,1188],{},"Operator of record."," The operator named is the last one on file, which is often a company that no longer exists.",[133,1191,1192,1195],{},[136,1193,1194],{},"Location as recorded."," Older wells can carry approximate coordinates. A well just outside the section line may in fact sit inside it, or the reverse.",[10,1197,1198,1199,1203],{},"See the ",[197,1200,1202],{"href":1201},"\u002Fenergy\u002Flayers\u002Fusgs-orphaned-wells","orphaned wells layer page"," for coverage by state.",[14,1205,1088],{"id":1206},"fracfocus-disclosures",[190,1208,1098],{"id":1209},"what-it-is-1",[10,1211,1212,1213,201],{},"FracFocus is the national registry where operators disclose the chemicals and water used in hydraulic fracturing jobs. Township America maps the disclosures as points at the well. Whenever the layer is on, the map shows the credit ",[136,1214,1215],{},"Data: FracFocus.org",[190,1217,781],{"id":1218},"on-the-map-1",[10,1220,891,1221,1223,1224,1227,1228,1231],{},[136,1222,581],{},", turn on ",[136,1225,1226],{},"FracFocus Disclosures",". Point size follows job size, from small to mega. Click a disclosure for its popup: well name, operator, API number, state, county, job start and end dates, total water in gallons, job number and, where available, a ",[136,1229,1230],{},"View disclosure"," link to the FracFocus record.",[190,1233,1123],{"id":1234},"in-search-1",[10,1236,1126,1237,1129,1239,1132,1241,468,1243,1139,1245,201],{},[136,1238,1088],{},[136,1240,598],{},[136,1242,1135],{},[136,1244,1138],{},[136,1246,1142],{},[190,1248,1147],{"id":1249},"on-the-parcel-report-1",[10,1251,503,1252,1255],{},[136,1253,1254],{},"FracFocus disclosures · 1 mi buffer"," card on the Energy tab lists disclosures within one mile of the center of the section, newest job first. Each row shows the well, operator, job start date, total water in gallons and the distance in miles. The first six show, with a count of the rest.",[10,1257,1258,1259,1263],{},"Read it as completion activity: which wells nearby were fractured recently, by whom, and how water-intensive the jobs were. The ",[197,1260,1262],{"href":1261},"\u002Fenergy\u002Flayers\u002Ffracfocus-disclosures","FracFocus layer page"," describes the dataset in more detail.",[14,1265,268],{"id":267},[10,1267,1268],{},"A buyer is looking at grazing land in Section 9, Township 25 North, Range 1 East, Indian Meridian, in Kay County, Oklahoma, in an area with a long drilling history.",[277,1270,1271,1280,1286,1292,1297],{},[133,1272,932,1273,936,1276,939,1278,201],{},[171,1274,1275],{},"9 25N 1E Indian Meridian",[136,1277,667],{},[136,1279,429],{},[133,1281,1282,1283,1285],{},"The flag row and the ",[136,1284,1108],{}," card show whether USGS lists an orphaned well in the section. The buyer notes each API number.",[133,1287,1288,1289,1291],{},"On the map, the buyer turns on ",[136,1290,1104],{}," to see any just outside the section line.",[133,1293,1294,1296],{},[136,1295,1254],{}," shows whether there has been recent completion work nearby.",[133,1298,1299],{},"Each orphaned well's API number goes to the Oklahoma Corporation Commission for its current status and any plugging record.",[10,1301,1302],{},"The buyer now has a short list of wells to raise with the seller and the state before closing.",[14,1304,319],{"id":318},[130,1306,1307,1313,1319,1325],{},[133,1308,1309,1312],{},[136,1310,1311],{},"Documented wells only."," The USGS inventory lists wells a state has documented as orphaned. Undocumented wells are, by definition, not in it.",[133,1314,1315,1318],{},[136,1316,1317],{},"FracFocus is self-reported."," Operators file the disclosures, and older jobs may be missing. Check the FracFocus record for the full chemical list.",[133,1320,1321,1324],{},[136,1322,1323],{},"Buffer is from the section center."," The one-mile FracFocus search measures from the center of the section, so a large or irregular section can leave edge wells outside it.",[133,1326,1327,1330],{},[136,1328,1329],{},"Not an environmental assessment."," These layers screen for questions to ask. They are not a Phase 1 ESA, a plugging liability estimate or a survey.",[14,1332,707],{"id":706},[190,1334,1336],{"id":1335},"does-an-orphaned-well-on-my-tract-mean-i-am-liable-for-it","Does an orphaned well on my tract mean I am liable for it?",[10,1338,1339],{},"Not by itself. Plugging responsibility is set by state law and the facts of the well. Use the record to ask the state regulator and your attorney.",[190,1341,1343],{"id":1342},"why-does-a-well-show-in-fracfocus-but-not-in-the-state-well-list","Why does a well show in FracFocus but not in the state well list?",[10,1345,1346],{},"FracFocus is a separate registry with its own coverage. The state well lists cover Colorado, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Wyoming and New Mexico, while FracFocus is national.",[190,1348,1350],{"id":1349},"can-i-see-the-chemicals-used-in-a-frac-job","Can I see the chemicals used in a frac job?",[10,1352,1353,1354,1356],{},"Follow the ",[136,1355,1230],{}," link in the popup, when present, to the full record on FracFocus.",[190,1358,1360],{"id":1359},"is-the-orphaned-wells-layer-the-same-in-the-energy-and-federal-land-packs","Is the orphaned wells layer the same in the Energy and Federal Land packs?",[10,1362,1363],{},"Both read the same USGS inventory. Energy adds the map layer and search source; Federal Land includes it in the section screen.",{"title":360,"searchDepth":361,"depth":361,"links":1365},[1366,1373,1379,1380,1381],{"id":1094,"depth":361,"text":1084,"children":1367},[1368,1369,1370,1371,1372],{"id":1097,"depth":368,"text":1098},{"id":780,"depth":368,"text":781},{"id":1122,"depth":368,"text":1123},{"id":1146,"depth":368,"text":1147},{"id":1171,"depth":368,"text":1172},{"id":1206,"depth":361,"text":1088,"children":1374},[1375,1376,1377,1378],{"id":1209,"depth":368,"text":1098},{"id":1218,"depth":368,"text":781},{"id":1234,"depth":368,"text":1123},{"id":1249,"depth":368,"text":1147},{"id":267,"depth":361,"text":268},{"id":318,"depth":361,"text":319},{"id":706,"depth":361,"text":707,"children":1382},[1383,1384,1385,1386],{"id":1335,"depth":368,"text":1336},{"id":1342,"depth":368,"text":1343},{"id":1349,"depth":368,"text":1350},{"id":1359,"depth":368,"text":1360},"Screen a PLSS tract for USGS documented orphaned wells and check nearby FracFocus hydraulic fracturing disclosures with the Township America Energy pack, on the map, in search and on the parcel report.","i-lucide-alert-octagon",{},6,"\u002Fguides\u002Fenergy-orphaned-wells-and-fracfocus",{"title":1076,"description":1387},"guides\u002Fenergy-orphaned-wells-and-fracfocus","64QzSoJSzTnUz6WSut6MaWcr6_mfF-3JnFIZRbD9SRE"]